fh ol I 






> 






'& 



ILLUST 









?iV 



D AND DESCRIPTIVE 



as CATALOGUE as, 



—OF — 



3^i^i\eeri:q^, ^uiVeyin^, 



ASTRONOMICAL 

NSTRUMENTS 



MADE ]JY 



v 



T A 

581 
3381 



F. E/BRANDIS, 

55 Fulton Street, New York 

« 
U. S. A. 



1881 




A5W 




The prices quoted in this Catalogue are as low as con- 
sistent with first class workmanship, and will be strictly ad- 
hered to. 

Parties ordering from distant points, will please remit by 
P. 0. Money Order, Bank Draft, or Eegistered Letter. When 
goods are ordered to be sent C. O. D., double the amount of 
express charges should accompany the order. 

All charges for expressage and collection are to be paid 

by the parties ordering. 

Orders for Instruments, accompanied by Draft to the 
amount of Catalogue prices, will be boxed and packed free of 
charge. 

Packing boxes are furnished at cost prices. 

New York, May 1881. 

F. E. BRANDTS. 



TRANS IT WITH LEVEL ATTACHED 

F> L A T" EL N 9 I 




MADE BY 

FE.BRANDIS. NEW YORK 



ILLUSTRATED AND DESCRIPTIVE 

CATALOGUE 



OF 



INSTRUMENTS^PRECISION 



FOR 



Field and Astronomical (Purposes, 



THEIR CONSTRUCTION, CARE OF, AND ADJUSTMENTS. 



MADE BY /l>c2 3 I (Y^ 

F. E. BRANDIS, 

First part, Field Instruments. Second part, Astronomical Instruments. 
Third part, Mathematical Instruments, Drawing Papers, etc. 

55 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK, U. S. A. 






TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

Pflge. 

Astronomical Instruments 50 

Barometers, Aneroid . . 43 

Bronzing of Instruments 1 5 

Gare of Instruments '. . 27 

Chronographs . 57 

Chains, Engineers . „ 44 

Clamps and Tangent Screws 12 

Construction of Instruments 14 

Drawing Materials 65 

Engineering Instruments 7 

Equatorial Instruments 54 

" Telescopes, Portable 58 

Graduating Engine 51 

Graduations . ..*...,. 8 

Gradienter 40 

Horizons, Artificial 63 

Leveling Instruments, Engineers 20 

" " Prices of 38 

Smaller Size 39 

" " of Precision 39 

" " "Lockes Hand" 43 

Mathematical Instruments and Drawing Materials 64 

Miners Compass ■' 43 

Microscope Micrometers - 61 

Plane Table, Description of 25 



'.6«' 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Plane Table, Adjustment of 25 

" " Prices " 40 

Plumb Bobs 48 

Prismatic and Azimuth Compasses 43 

Protractors 42 

Price List 32 

Repairs of Instruments 28 

References 48 & 49 

Sextants 63 

Shifting Centers 12 

Solar Compasses 40 

Station Pointers 41 

Spirit Levels 14 

" " Prices of V. . . 41 

Tape Measures, Steel, U. S. Standard 45 

" " in Cases 45, 46 & 47 

Tangent Screws. ... * 12 

Telescopes 10 

Theodolites, Astronomical 60 

Transits Enginees' Description of . . . 7 

" Adjustment " 16 

" " with Reversible Axis 36 

" fur City Work 37 

Theodolite 37 

Portable 59 

and Zenith Instrument Combined 58 



/ 



3V(o 



Entered according to A ct 

of Congress in the year 1881, 
by 
F. E. Brandis, 
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 

Parties infringing on the Copyright of this Catalogue, will be prosecuted 
to the extent of the Law- 



TO THE ENGINEERING PROFESSION. 



In presenting the present edition of my illustrated and descriptive 
Catalogue to the profession, I am pleased to state that during the past 
eight years the changes and additions, representing not experiments 
upon my friends, but improvements for their benefit, have met with the 
fullest approval of many of our most Eminent Engineers throughout the 
Country. 

For the character of my work I have but one reference to make, i. e. 
the perfection of graduations, power and definition of telescopes, and absolutely 
fine workmanship, combined with lightness, strength and ease of manipula- 
tion. 

From my thorough practical knowledge of every branch of the busi- 
ness, aided by the best mechanical skill obtainable, I trust that the repu- 
tation I have gained will be sufficient inducement to my friends not only 
to continue their liberal favors, but also to recommend me to their friends, 
who may be assured that it will continue to be my aim as heretofore, to 
merit their valued confidence by a continuance of my prompt and careful 
attention to any business, they may personally or by letter place in my 
hands. 

The warrantee of my instruments in regard to construction, accuracy of 
optical parts, and excellence of workmanship not being limited as to time, the 
owners of instruments of my manufacture may rely upon prompt atten- 
tion concerning all reasonable demands made upon me. 

In conclusion I would say that Engineers are often misled in ordering 
instruments of parties pretending to manufacture, such as Dealers in Draw- 
ing Instruments and Materials, Opticians, Thermometer Makers, etc. 

It is needless to say, that instruments furnished by these parties are 
made for the trade, with the advertisers name engraved upon them, and 
are a disgrace to the mechanical profession. 

In all cases the Engineer should order his instruments from a reput- 
able manufacturer direct, in order to obtain a first-class article. 

This does not include parties acting as agents for other houses. 

F. JE. Braxdis. 



*& PART I. ^ 

FIELD INSTRUMENTS. 



F. K BR AND IS, NEW YORK. 



ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTS. 



To give a minute description of the amount of care, and precise 
workmanship required to produce a strictly first class instrument would 
be a difficult task. The fact is, too little attention is paid to the necessary 
details by some of our American Manufacturers for the reason that most 
parts are produced by the aid of machinery, making the different parts 
interchangable and thereby depriving them of such delicate fittings as can 
be accomplished by hand work only. 

This method will do all that is desired for in the manufacture of Fire 
Arms, but will never meet with success in the manufacture of instruments 
of precision. 

The conscientious Mechanic as well as the intelligent Engineer knows 
well, that the essential parts must be and are slighted by this meihod, aud by 
dissecting an instrument can tell immediately whether it is made for use, 
or for sale. 

Two-thirds of the instruments now in use would be condemned, were 
there a law for them to stand certain tests. 



THE ENGINEER'S TRANSIT. 



The vital part of an instrument commonly called the centre (or its 
vertical axis.) Too much attention on the part of the maker cannot be 
bestowed upon any part of an instrument than this one for the following 
reasons : First, no matter however correct the graduations may be, a 
slight defect in the interior cone or socket will never give equal results 
in reading angles, or in other words, should the socket in which the 
vernier plate revolves not be perfectly cylindrical, or the centre fit tighter 
below than above, the result would be a swaying or eccentric motion of 
the vernier plate which would cause an error of from 30 seconds to 2 and 
even 3 minutes when clamped. In this case all angular repetitions would 
prove defective, since the error would not be constant. Second, should 
both centres not be perfectly concentric with each other, the levels when 



CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



adjusted upon one centre, would not reverse upon the other, especially 
should they be sensitive, which of course is out of question in common 
instruments, as they would not stand the test. 

The centres should be compound, and as long as possible to insure 
steadiness, and ths metal " Phosphor Bronze" on account of its excellent 
wearing qualities. 

To test the value of his centres, let the Engineer adjust the level 
attached to the telescope one-half by means of the tangent screw for 
that purpose, and the other half by means of the parallel plate screws, 
clamp the instrument and reverse upon the other centre ; should the level 
hold its position the centres are good, if not, his work will prove defective 
by repetition. 



GRADUATIONS. 



It also gives me pleasure to state, that the efforts in bringing my new 
Graduating engine to perfection after six years of incessant labor have 
been crowned with perfect success. In constructing this engine, I 
followed the plans on which tho celebrated " G-ambey " engine was built, 
description and engraving of it will be found in this Catalogue. 

Finding it impossible to obtain a sufficient accurate graduation in 
this country, I was obliged to send my plates to Europe to be divided, 
which involved great risks and vexacious delays. 

I can now, without exaggeration, claim the most accurate graduation 
in this country. Engineers' should understand the importance of this 
fact, that, as most of the instruments made in this country are not 
graduated by the makers of other portions of these instruments, they can 
themselves know nothing with certainty of the accuracy of these gradua- 
tions. 

Accidental errors arising from inexperience or careless management 
of the best dividing engine, frequently exceeds ten times the error of the 
same. 

Therefore these makers cannot conscientiously guarantee their accu- 
racy, while the Engineer after finishing his work with the greatest of 
care, discovers his work to be incorrect, throwing a doubt over all his 
angular measurements. 



COMPLETE EN G 
AS MADE FOR U.S.E 
plate: 



NEER5 TRANSIT 
NGINEER CORPS. 
N ° H 




MADE BY 
F. E.BRANDIS. NEW YORK 



F. E. BRAND IS, NEW YORK. 



As incorrect graduations are a most serious imperfection in an instru- 
ment, it is essential that this delicate operation should be performed with 
the greatest of care. 

Still, with all due diligence on the part of the operator, small errors 
are sometimes unavoidable, these may be attributed to the following 
causes, porous metal, changes of temperature, shifting of plates or clamps, 
defective centering, etc 

The errors, of course, cannot be detected until the graduations are 
made to prove themselves by means of the two opposite verniers 
reversion and repetition, this will double the actual error, and permit 
the limb if correctly graduated, to be centred perfectly true. 

Instruments with errors of from 30 seconds to 2, and in some cases 
8 minutes are of common occurrences. In a first-class instrument the 
error should never reach 15 seconds. 

Reflectors of ground glass protect the graduations by throwing 
a mild subdued light over the limb and verniers, preventing unnecessary 
strain upon the eyes of the Engineer. 

Graduations vary according to the purpose they are intended for. 
The regular engineer's transit has the limb divided into 20 minute spaces, 
39 of its parts being equal to 40 on the vernier, giving a reading of 30 
seconds. 

The City Transit (Plate 4) and transit with reversible axis (Plate 3,) 
have their limbs graduated into 20 minute spaces, 59 of their parts being 
equal to 60 on the verniers, giving a reading of 20 seconds. 

Theodolites from V to 9 inches diameter are divided into 10 minute 
spaces, 59 parts on the limb being equal to 60 on the verniers, giving 
a reading of 1 seconds. 

Theodolites from 9 to 1 2 inches diameter, used on the U. S. Lake 
and Coast Surveys are usually divided into 5 minute spaces, 59 parts*on 
the limb being equal to GO on the verniers, giving a reading of 5 seconds. 

Aliitude and Azimuth instruments from 12 to 20 inches diameter, 
have their limbs divided into 5 minute spaces, reading by 3 microscopic 
-micrometers to single seconds. 

All limbs to be graduated are turned upon their own bearings or 
centres, so as to insure a perfectly true horizontal plane. This method 
is certainly very delicate and tedious, but finding it the only reliable one, 
the extra labor is not taken into account. 



10 CA TAL OGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



The porous nature of brass or composition casting sometimes seriously 
interfere with the production of a perfect graduation, unless condensed 
under the hammer to acquire a uniform density. 

The metal thus condensed is always subject to unequal expansion 
and contraction in changes of temperature, and if not condensed, the 
small air holes will cause the cutter to deviate from its proper course, pro- 
ducing lines of various thickness and unequal ppacings. - 

For the above reason all graduations should be on solid silver or 
platinum as the most satisfactory results are obtained thereby, and the 
Engineer should not take into consideration the comparatively small extra 
expense, but should get an instrument that will perform the most accurate 
work he may ever be called upon to do. 

NOTE. 

Platinum is preferable, especially for underground work, as it does 
not tarnish, but the expense being considerably higher than silver has 
prevented its general use. 

The figures engraved on the horizontal limb run in quadrants from 
to 90 degrees each way, and a continuous row from to 360 degrees. 

The compass is graduated into % degrees r and engraved into quadrants 
from to 90 degrees each way. 

The compass needle is made of the best Swedish shear steel, hardened 
in a boiling solution of potash and salt, which has the advantage of 
keeping the same in perfect shape, and according to proportion of mixture 
used, gives it the proper temper. After searching experiments, this, and 
the method of magnetising the needle by passing it through a magnetic 
current proves to be the only safeguard against it losing its magnetic 
power. The pivot carrying the needle and cap of exceedingly hard agate r 
is finely pointed and tempered so as to insure a perfect and sensitive per- 
formance of the needle. 



TELESCOPES, 



The telescopes in my instruments are constructed in strict accordance* 
with the purpose they are intended for. The object glasses are perfectly 



R E. BRANDIS, NEW YORK. 11 

achromatic, well centred and polished, as well as perfectly free from 
chromatic and spherical abberation, which must insure for them a good 
definition. The eye pieces are also well centred, and mounted in the most 
approved manner. 

It is unquestionably a great mistake on the part of the Engineer to 
select a telescope of excessive magnifying power for field work, thus de- 
priving the same of light, flatness and size of field of view. 

Optics are governed by mathematical principles, going beyond these, 
bad results must follow, or in other words, what is gained in one point will 
prove deficient in another. 

Being in constant communication with several of our most distinguish- 
ed European Opticians of extended experience, I have by their advice, 
adopted the Frauenhofer and Steinheil system of lenses. By their for- 
mula the telescopes give sufficient power, great brilliancy of object and an 
abundance of light as well as a perfectly flat and large field of view. 

The telescope (erect) in the Engineer's transit is 11 J^ inches long, 
and has a magnifying power of 25 diameters; in the 17 inch leveling 
instrument a power of 40 diameters, and the level of precision (inverted) 
has a power of 50 and 60 diameters. 

To preserve the efficiency of his telescopes in atmospheric charges, 
the Engineer should not select telescopes beyond these powers. 

The common defect in telescope slides not moving in and out in 
perfect straight line, thereby causing errors in unequal distances is wholly 
obviated by the following procedure. The slides are turned and ground 
perfectly cylindrical. By a special arrangement 1he inside of the main 
tube is undercut, leaving only two bearings % incn wide u P on which 
the slide travels, thereby avoiding unnecessary friction and insuring a 
perfectly straight and free motion. 

(The objectionable method of making the sliding tube adjustable 
clearly shows that there must be some mechanical or optical defect, which 
has to be concealed by means of this adjustment.) 

The slide is moved in aud out by means of a rack and pinion, answer- 
ing to the slightest touch, smoothly, and without lost motion, which i:_ 
necessary for the exact focusing of an object. 

-The eye piece, for focusing the cross wires is moved in ai^d out by an 
improved screw motion. 

Spider-web is preferable to any metallic wire, as the latter is never 
perfectly opaque, a-d any trouble from breaking or sagging of cross wires 



12 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



must have originated with the maker, fastening them to the diaphragm in 
a defective manner. 

The telescope is thoroughly balanced when focused for mean distance 
and revolves at both the object and eye ends, even when used at a distance 
of 5 feet. 



SHIFTING CENTERS. 



To faciliate the exact centering over any point, the instrument can be 
shifted 1 inch in any direction without disturbing the tripod legs by simply 
loosening the parallel screws, bringing the instrument over the desired 
point, and level the same. 

This shifting centre is the most simple and best constructed, and has 
the advantage that it requires only one separate motion (to centre and 
level it.) which holds the instrument in firm position, where, in many 
others the shifting motion is one by itself, and the levehng up another. 

The tripod legs are made of thoroughly seasoned, straight grain bay 
wood strong and light, and are held by means of bolts and screws between 
the cheeks. Split tripod legs have their advantage only in field instruments 
of greater weight and dimensions, but for instruments of within descrip- 
tion the round legs are preferable both for ease in handling and carrying 
on the shoulder. There is also less danger of injury during transporta- 
tion. 



CLAMP AND TANGENT SCREWS. 



It is essential in all proper made instruments that the clamp screws 
should answer at the slightest touch and the t mgent so arranged, that 
no lost motion (or back lash) may occur. Engineers in possession of 
instruments with such defects, know well the inconvenience caused by 



F. E. BRANDTS, NEW YORK. 



having lo give the clamp screw one or two full turns to clamp tight, where, 
if properly made, this ought to be accomplished by \ of a turn of the 
screw. 

The lower tangent clamp, as will be observed in the engraving is 
one of the best devised, and has the following advantages. It is long 
and rigid, the tangent screw a sufficient distance from the centre so as not 
to affect the same when clamped. The step straps which hold the 
double cup and ball in position are made so that one screw holds the strap 
firmly in position, and the other (longer one) serves to prevent lost 
motion. The long tangent screw which does not extend beyond the 
lower plate is made of Phosphor Bronze, and has a succession of grooves 
corresponding with those of the screw threads at the revolving point, 
encased in double cups with similar grooves. These are finely ground 
one into another, and when turning the screw, both balls will remain 
stationary, at the same time accommodating themselves to any position 
the clamp may assume. The joints of the double cups being close, no dust 
can ever affect this part, and the screw will retain its smooth and delicate 
motion for years without any attention on the part of the Engineer. This 
single tangent screw has proved far superior to the two rebutting screws, 
besides giving the Engineer the freedom of using one hand for the tan- 
gent and the other for the telescope, 

The upper tangent screw is constructed in a similar manner, with the 
exception of the straps being held by one screw only. 

The clamp and tangent straps are attached to the outside of the circle 
for the following reasons. 

Suppose the clamp were attached to the inside of the circle and the 
tangent screw on top of the vernier plate as done in a number of 
Instruments, the chances are, there being a slight difference in the 
graduated surface and the clamp part, the vernier plate would be sprung 
in drawing up the clamp screw. 

This would cause an error in the graduation, the clamp either lift- 
' ing or depressing the upper plate. To detect this serious evil, it requires 
a sensitive level, which will at once show the defect. 

The greater the distance of the clamp from the plates, the less 
liability there will be to strain them, providing the balls are so adjusted 
as to admit of their moving freely, yet with sufficient friction to prevent 
lost motion. 



1 4 CA TAL OGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



SPIRIT LEVELS. 



This important part of an instrument is generally treated as a second- 
ary affair, though it is absolutely necessary to pay as much attention to 
a Spirit Level as there is to a good telescope and graduation. It is the 
Pioneer that guides the Engineer in all his horizontal and vertical 
measurements, and if a level is not sensitive and quick to respond, and 
ground to an even curvature so as to travel evenly and a certain distance 
to a minute of arc to its extreme ends, the best made instrument in the 
world will not perform well, but, with a proper working level, instrumental 
errors may be corrected. 

The most suitable levels for transit plates should travel at least J£ of 
an inch to 1 minute of arc, the level on telescope at least % of inch, and 
those of a first-class Leveling Instrument I to 1^£ inches to 1 minute of 
arc. If good results are expected, the levels must be of the above 
sensitiveness. 

After repeated experiments the mixture of one-half of sulphuric 
ether and one-half of 95 % of spirits of wine, have proved the most 
satisfactory for the above. Levels for higher grades of instruments, or 
for Astromical purposes provided with air chambers to regulate the 
length of bulb and reading to single seconds, pure sulphuric ether is 
used. 

Having every facility for grinding levels of all curvatures and 
sensitiveness, and paying personal attention to this important part, I can 
guarantee the best results, 



CONSTRUCTION. 



Particular attention has been paid to the general construction of my 
instruments. In comparing them with those of other makers, it wiU be 
observed that the distance between the horizontal and parallel plates has 
been reduced about three inches without shortening the centres, thereby 
building on a good foundation and securing great steadiness. 



IMPROVED CITY TRANSIT 

PLATE N9TV" 




MADE BY 

F. E . B R A N D I S . N E VV YORK 



JR K BRANDIS, NEW YORK, 15 



Top heavy instruments with a frail and light base will soon wear the 
centres to such an extent, that they will assume, an eccentric motion, and 
make them useless for accurate work. My first aim was to reduce the 
objectionable height and gain additional length of centre, wbicli has 
proved a success. 

Altogether these instruments have received a full share of possible 
improvements, - which, with their excellent performing qualities, will be 
appreciated by the Engineer* 



BRONZING- OP INSTRUMENTS, 



Bark bronzes being preferable to a bright and glaring finish, the use 
of arsenic and iron, as Well as corrosive sublimate, (on account of its 
cheapness and rapid action,) is generally resorted to by most of our Ameri- 
can manufacturers, which is positively injurious to the metal, and in hand* 
ling of an instrument. 

Engineers should insist when ordering an instrument, not to have it 
Covered with this objectionable poison v 

All my instruments are finished with Bi-Ohlorate of Platinum, giving 
the same an elegant and fresh appearance, which may be preserved for 
many years with ordinary Care. This bronze has given such satisfactory 
results during the past ten years, that I have decided to continue its use. 
Parties prefering to have their instruments finished bright, can do so 
Without extra charge* 



•*->5B^J^^C^* 



16 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST 



ADJUSTMENT OF THE TRANSIT 

To enable those, unacquainted with the necessary adjustments of an 
instrument to correct the same without the aid of the maker a short 
comprehensible description is hereby given to accomplish the same 



THE LEVELS. 

This adjustment is to determine whether the vertical axis of the 
instrument, is in a perfectly true vertical position, and for this purpose the 
levels must be brought at right angles to the vertical axis of the instru- 
ment in the following manner. 

Bring the bubble of the level in the centre by means of large leveling 
screws and turn the instrument 180 degrees. Should the bubble run 
towards either end of the tube, it would indicate that end to be the highest 
With the capstan head pin lower it until one-half the error is corrected 
Bring the plate back to its original position, and the bubble in the centre by 
the leveling screws, turn the instrument 1 80 degrees, and correct one-half as 
before. 

Now bring the bubble in the centre over the other pair of leveling 
screws, and repeat the same operation as before, until it remains in 
the centre. To complete the adjustment, repeat tho above operation 
alternately over both pair of leveling screws until the bubbles will 
remain central in any direction. Should the bubbles not remain in the 
centre by reversing the instrument on either plate.it would indicate de- 
fective centres, which can be corrected by the maker only. 



THE STANDARDS. 



This adjustment is to determine whether the telescope revolves at 
right angles to the vertical axis of the instrument, so that the telescope 
may indicate a truly vertical line 



F. E. BRANDIS, NEW YORK. 1? 



To make this correction, level up carefully, select the base 
and top of a high building or spire, and let the wire bisect some 
defined object found at the top. Clamp the instrument and bring the 
telescope down to bisect some object at the base, either marked or found, 
reverse the instrument 189 degrees, and let the wire bisect the mark at 
the base, and elevate the telescope to the top mark. 

Should the wire cover this mark, the vertical adjustment is correct, 
if not, remove one-half the error by means of the adjusting screw on the 
standards. To whichever side the error is inclined, the opposite bearing 
must be lowered. Repeat this operation until by reversion the wire will 
cover the same marks. 

NOTE. 

The adjustable bearing being a double journal, jcare should be taken 
to have both adjusting screws to bear sufficiently tight without over- 
straining them. 

THE LINE OF COLLIMATION. 



To bring the optical axis of the telescope at right angles to its revolv- 
ing axis, proceed as follows. 

After having adjusted the wires truly vertical, so that the top and 
bottom of wire will cover the same object by elevating and depressing the 
telescope, choose two distant objects, say 300 feet in opposite direction 
which the wires will bisect, reverse the instrument 180 degrees and 
sight upon the first object, revolve the telescope and sight back upon the 
second object. If both are bisected the collimation is correct, if not, 
remove one-fourth the error by means of the capstan head screws. 
Bring the instrument back to its original position, sight upon first object, 
clamp it, revolve the telescope in opposite direction and mark or find a 
second object. Without disturbing the telescope, turn the instrument 
180 degrees and bisect the first object, revolve the telescope again upon 
the second object, and proceed thus, until the wires will cover both objects 
upon reversion of the instrument. 

To faciliate this adjustment, let the Engineer draw from 4 to 6 
vertical lines about one-tenth of an inch apart on a piece of white paper, 



18 CATALOGUE AND PRICE -LIST. 



and secure this in nearly opposite direction of a well defined point. It is well 
to figure these lines to avoid mistakes. This method Avill save the trouble 
of finding or marking new points during adjustment. In a first-class 
telescope whose object slide moves in and out in perfect straight line it 
is not necessary to take equal back and fore sights, and this adjustment 
may be perfected between any two convenient points. 



HORIZONTAL LINE OF COLLIMATION 

To adjust the horizontal line of collimation, level up as before. Select 
or establish two opposite points in horizontal line, make the telescope as 
near level as possible to the eye, clamp same, and sight upon some 
object. Reverse the instrument, and sight upon another either found or 
marked. Revolve the telescope, sight upon the first object, reverse the in- 
strument and sight upon the other. Should both agree, the adjustment is 
made, if not, correct one-quarter the error by means of vertical capstan 
head screws, and repeat this until the wire bisects both objects by revers- 
ing the instrument and revolving the telescope, bearing in mind, that the 
screws must be moved in opposite direction of apparent error in both 
horizontal and vertical adjustments. 



THE TELESCOPE LEVEL. 



This adjustment is to bring the level horizontal to the optical axis of 
the telescope, and is accomplished in the following manner. 

Select a piece of ground nearly level, set the tripod firm and level 
the instrument carefully. Drive a stake at about 300 feet distance, place 
the leveling rod upon this stake, and after having set the telescope level 
approximately horizontal, clamp the same and note the height indicated 
on the target. Drive another stake in nearly opposite direction, reverse 
the instrument 180 degrees without disturbing the telescope, and correct 
the height of this stake, until it indicates the same height as that of the 
first stake. • 



F. E. BRANDIS, NEW YORK. 19 



No matter how much the telescope may be out of level, the top of 
stakes must indicate a true horizontal line. The instrument must now be 
moved about 20 or 30 feet from either stake, again carefully leveled, 
telescope clamped and set horizontal as before. Set the rod first upon the 
nearest stake, note its height, and next upon the most distant stake and 
note its height, should both indicate the same height, the adjustment is 
complete, if not, move the wire by means of the tangent screw over nearly 
the whole error as indicated on the second stake, and proceed with this 
operation until the horizontal wire will give the same result at both 
stakes. 

By means of the small nuts on the end of the level, bring the bubble 
in the centre, being careful not to disturb the telescope, when the same 
will be truly horizontal. 



ZERO OF VERTICAL CIRCLE. 



To adjust the vernier of Yertical Circle so as to read zero when the tele- 
scope is truly horizontal, level the instrument and reverse 180 degrees. 
The amount of error indicated on the scale is double, and half must be 
corrected by means of the leveling screws, and the other half by 
tangent screw on axis. Eepeat this operation until the bubble remains in 
the centre on any part of the circle, loosen" the capstan head screws, 
taking care not to disturb the position of the instrument, and shift the 
vernier until its zero line coincides with that on the circle, tighten the 
screws, and the instrument will be in complete adjustment. 



•*-H 



K-* 



20 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



PATENTED IMPROVED ENGINEERS' LEVELING 

INSTRUMENT. • 

Of the various leveling instruments, the Wye level, on account of its 
superior accuracy and facilities of its adjustment, is now almost 
exclusively preferred in place of the Dumpy level, by those engaged in 
precise work. 

The different sizes and power of telescopes of these instruments 
depend upon the work they are intended for. The engraving represents 
the 18 inch level of medium size, with which the most accurate results 
will be obtained. 

The smallest size level has a telescope 1 1 y 2 inches long, and magnify- 
ing power of 25 diameters. The 18 inch has a magnifying power of 40, 
and the level of precision, with 3 screw adjustment and level reading 
to 5 seconds, inverting telescope 20 inches long, a magnifying power 
of 40 and 50 diameters. 

The bell metal rings at each end of the telescope are turned exactly 
the same diameter, and are held in the Wyes by clips containing cork, 
which holds the telescope firm in its bearings. The device for keeping 
the wires in a perfect horizontal position, is extremely simple. Each ex°- 
treme diameter of the telescope collar carries a projecting P in about 
Y % of an inch long; when either of these pins are brought in contact with 
the screw passing through one of the wyes, the wires will be found to be 
in the desired position. This permits the collars to rest in the wyes 
without the least strain, and the telescope may be revolved without 
opening the clips, by unscrewing the wye pin sufficient to pass those on 
the collars. 

A rack and pinion, working exceedingly smooth and without lost 
motion, permits the accurate focusing of an object. The manner in which 
the telescope slide moves in and out, is explained in the description of the 
Transit. The object glass is protected by a sun shade 3 inches long, 
which, when the instrument is used, should always be attached to the 
object head, (as the level is adjusted with shade attached.) 

The 12 inch as well as the 18 inch wye level, having undergone n 
radical re-construction, fur which Letters Patent were granted, I would 
say, that the introduction of this improved invention has met with far 



8 INCH PATENTED IMPROVED WYE LEVEL 
AS MADE FOR U S ENGINEER CORPS 

PLATE N° V. 




SECTIONAL VIEW OF CENTRE 




MADE BY 

F E. BRAND IS. NEW YORK 



F. E. BRANDTS, NEW YORK. 21 



greater success than anticipated. 1 u fact it may be called the Standard 
Leveling Instrument. The results obtained, and the perfectly easy manner 
with which it can be operated, have caused a number of Engineers to 
have their instruments altered, and the patented Centre and Seat attached. 

The construction of the old level has long since been known to be de- 
cidedly deficient in some vital, points. 

The unanimous complaints of Engineers in this matter were mainly 
directed against the construction of the centre, which, from its long 
distance from the level caused a continuous and annoying unsteadiness 
of the latter. Of course in such instruments, as most American manu- 
facturers are in the habit of making, carrying levels traveling not more 
than -f-Q of an inch to a minute of arc, these difficulties were less per- 
ceptible, when compared with levels traveling 1 to 1% of an inch to a 
minute of arc. Apparently these instruments gave entire satisfaction on 
account of holding their adjustments well, but in reality, being the fault 
of a slow, sluggish level. To prove this, let the Engineer in possession 
of one of these instruments, exchange his level vial for one of the latter 
sensitiveness, and he will discover, that it is impossible to use the 
instrument, or keep the bubble in the centre during a complete revolution. 

Again, the common habit of Engineers leaving the parallel plates 
attached to the tripod in the rush of business, always involved the risk of 
injury to the vital part of the instrument; (the centre,) and tangent screw, 
these being connected with the parallel plates. The old method of attach- 
ing the bar to the parallel plates, has been with a cone on the upper part 
of the centre, which always required considerable force to detach, when 
once put on firmly which, in most cases deranged the adjustments. 

A trifle of sand or dust in the socket or on the cone would, by the 
slightest touch on either end of the bar require the re-adjustment of the 
parallel plate screws, which caused great annoyance and loss of time. 

Furthermore, there was no sufficient protection of the centre against 
the entrance of dust, etc. The main defect however, has been the con- 
nection of the centre to the parallel plates, which, as all instrument makers 
are aware of, is entirely wrong. Not only is the bearing of the centre de- 
ranged by this method in drawing up the screws tight, but the centre 
itself is biased, and the strain resulting therefrom, prevents the latter from 
i evolving freely, destroying the conical fitting, and making the instrument 
useless. 



22 GA TAL OGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



Tn most cases when the instrument sticks, (as the Engineer generally 
terms it,) it is the fault of the above, and not grit or sand as is usually- 
supposed. 

Some makers have tried to overcome the long distance between 
level and centre by fitting the same directly to the parallel plates, which 
is more defective than the other, as the instrument cannot be detached 
without exposing the centre. 

All these disadvantages are avoided by this newly constructed level, 
and will be readily understood by the within engraving, which represents 
the instrument lifted from out the parallel plates, giving at the same time 
a sectional view of the centre arrangement. 

The manner of attaching the bar is, as will be observed, entirely 
different from the old method. The phosphor bronze centre is screwed 
firmly to the bar ; and the socket, which is of composition metal, carries 
a revolving nut, which, by three turns secures the attachment of the bar 
to the parallel plates, thereby avoiding biasing by the leveling screws ; they 
being perfectly independent of the latter. By attaching the centre to the 
bar, the distance between level and centre is reduced 3J^ inches, which 
secures much greater steadiness. The- clamp and tangent screw, now 
always turning with the telescope, arc easily found. 

A cap on the lower end of the centre effectually prevents the entrance 
of dust, and the parallel plates may now be left on the tripod without in- 
curring the slightest risk of injury, (the centre and clamp not being 
connected with it.) 

Without exaggeration I can say that these levels are the most accurate, 
lightest, and effective instruments made, and recommend them to those 
engaged in precise work for their superiority over all others , 



•*»®K®^<-*- 



F. E. BRAND IS, NEW YORK. 



ADJUSTMENT OF THE LEVEL. 



No adjustment for the object slide being necessary, (that being made 
perfect without this defective appurtance ) set up the inst ument firmly, 
and proceed with the ad j ustment of 

COLLIMATION. 

Select some vertical object the full height of the wires, (observed ia 
the field of view) sharp and well defined, and after having adjusted the 
eye-piece for parallax, bisect it by either wire ; revolve the telescope half 
way, and correct half the error by means of the capstan head screws. 
Bring the telescope back, and again cover the object by means of tangent 
screw ; again revolve the telescope, and correct as before, until the wire 
will cover the object at both reversions. Now proceed with the other 
wire at right angles in the same manner, and repeat the adjustment 
alternately over both wires, until they will bisect the object at each quad- 
rant. Now centre the eye-piece, by revolving the telescope in its wyes 
until the object retains its position, or does not deviate from its optical 
centre. 

THE LEVEL TUBE. 



By this adjustment the level bubble is brought parallel to the line of 
collimation. Proceed thus : clamp the instrument, so that the bar will be 
in line with one pair of leveling screws. Bring the bubble in the centre 
by means of leveling screws, and reverse the telescope end for end. 
Should it run to either side, it would prove that the vertical plane passing 
through the centre of the bubble, is not parallel to that of the axis of the 
telescope. 

Again level the instrument, reverse the telescope end for end in its 
wyes, and correct one-half the error by means of adjusting nuts on the 
end of bubble tube, and the other half by the leveling screws. Continue 
this, until the bubble remains in the centre. Correct the lateral adjustment 
by moving the bubble about 15 or 20 degrees from its perpendicular 
position each way. Should it not hold its position, it must be drawn over 



24 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



by the two capstan head screws at right angles to the level tube. This 
adjustment being likely to disturb the first one, both should be repeated 
alternately until the bubble remains in the centre in its angular as well as 
perpendicular position. 



NOTE. 



(The bubble being so arranged as to always keep its vertical position, 
this lateral adjustment is not absolutely necessary, but, in case of ac- 
cident to either pins or screw, which are brought in contact to effect this 
result, this adjustment has been applied. 



THE WYE, OE BAR ADJUSTMENT. 



To make the bubble parallel to the line of collimation, and at right 
angles to its vertical axis, is effected in the following manner. 

The previous adjustments beiog completed, bring the bar directly 
over one pair of leveling screws, drawing the nut ; having only one hole 
at the end of the wyes up tight. Level carefully, and reverse the instru- 
ment, so that the bar will be exactly over the screws as before. The 
amount the bubble moves to either end is double, and must be corrected 
by means of the nut on the end of the wye having four adjusting holes. 
Repeat this adjustment over the other pair of leveling screws until the 
bubble remains in the centre. 

This being only an approximate adjustment, (as, in case the bubble is 
not brought exactly over the screws as before,) a different result would be 
obtained at each reversion ; this adjustment should be repeated alternately 
over both pair of screws in succession, until the bubble remains central 
by turning the instrument in any direction. 

Now taking care not to disturb the position of the instrument, lift 
the telescope gently out of the wyes and reverse it end for end. Should 
the bubble retain its position, the instrument is in perfect adjustment, if 
not, the collars on the telescope are not the same diameter, which must be 
corrected by the maker. 



PLAN E TABLE 
U.S. COAST S URVEY PATTER N 

PLATE Kl? VI 




MADE BY 

BRAN D IS . NEW YORK 



F. E. BRANDTS, NEW YORK. 25 



THE PLANE TABLE. 



These instruments have been modified in plan and greatly im- 
proved. To show the lower motion to better advantage, only half the 
board is represented in the engraving. The bearing surfaces being 8 
inches diameter, the table is perfectly rigid when clamped ; the alidade 
ruler is 20 inches long, carrying an adjustable column, on which is 
mounted a powerful telescope of 15 inches focal length by \y^ inches 
clear aperture. 

For the easier adjustment of collimation, the telescope has a conical 
fitting, which can be turned exactly 180 degrees without taking it from its 
bearings; a milled head nut screwing against the flange of this fitting 
holds it firmly in place. 

The alidade carries a detachable compass box, and 5 inch magnetic 
needle., reading 20 degrees each way. It is also well protected against 
bending by projecting ribs along its edges. Two cylindrical levels are 
placed at right angles on the ruler, these being more convenient than the 
circular levels formerly used. 

The graduated striding level reads to minutes ; the glass diaphragm 
carries, besides the ordinary cross lines, stadia lines for measuring dis- 
tances. The vertical arc reads to 30 seconds ; the board is perfectly 
straight, made in 8 panels to prevent warping and is 24 by 30 inches, by 1 
inch thick. Same is packed in an extra box. 

The revolving plates with conical centre, are securely packed in a 
strong case. The alidade, 8 paper clamps, plumb bob, adjusting pin and 
screw driver, are packed in a separate case. 

By removing the bolts which connect the tripod legs and lower base,, 
the same can be transported without fear of injury to any of the parts* 



ADJUSTMENT. 



''T-Jie rough usage these instruments are often subjected to, makes 
them liable to have their adjustments disarranged. Occasional examina- 



26 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



tion should be made while at work, and should unaccountable difficulties 
occur, the adjustments should be scrutinized. 

The edge of the ruler should be a perfect straight edge. Place the 
same upon a true smooth surface, drawing a line along its edge, also 
marking the ends of the rule. By reversing the same upon these marked 
points, another line should be drawn; should they coincide, it would 
prove the ruler to be perfect. 



THE LEVELS. 



Taking for granted the table to be true, place the alidade in the 
centre, and level the same by means of the table screws ; draw lines along 
the edges aud ends of the ruler, and reverse exactly 180 degrees upon 
these lines. Should the bubbles remain central, their adjustment is correct, 
if not, remove one-half the error by means of the table screws, and the 
other half by capstan head screws on levels. Repeat this, until the 
bubbles will remain in the centre. 



LINE OF COLLIMATION. 



For the adjustment of the line of Collimation perpendicular to its axis 
of rotation, the same method as that in the Engineer's Transit may be 
applied, with the exception, that the telescope axis must be reversed in its 
bearings ; the base of column is provided with adjusting screws for that pur- 
pose. 

To adjust the line of collimation, it is only necessary to unscrew the 
milled nut on axis nearest the eye-end of telescope, bisect some well defined 
object, and turn the telescope 180 degrees to the right; should the wires 
bisect the object, the adjustment is complete, if not, correct one-half the 
error by means of cross wire screws, and repeat this, until the wire will 
bisect the object at both reversions. 



F. E. BRANDIS, NEW YORK. 27 



The telescope being provided with a longitudinal striding level, will 
give the error of vertical arc at once, which can be rectified by the two 
screws holding the vernier. 

G-reat care having been taken in constructing these instruments, and 
making the adjustments as firm and few as possible, it is unnecessary to 
enumerate more than the above: the others being attended to by the 
maker. 



CARE OF INSTRUMENTS. 



It is important that the Engineer should understand how to keep his 
instruments in good order, without aid of the instrument muker.. The 
following brief guide will save expense and unnecessary vexation in the 
field. 

Be careful to have the vertical axis revolve freely one upon the other. 
As soon as any fretting is discovered, they should be taken apart and 
thoroughly cleaned by unscrewing the lower cap from which the plumb 
bob is suspended; taking care to keep the side of the spring, which takes 
the dead weight from the instrument, (and is indicated by a circular 
bright spot) up when replaced. Next unscrew the nut ; remove the upper 
clamp screw, and the plates can be lifted from one another. Clean the 
sockets and centre, and examine them carefully ; if any roughness appears 
in the socket or on the centre, scrape the part witn a penknife; wipe with 
utmost care and replace it without oil. Should they revolve freely when 
dry, replace them with oil sparingly, taking care to distribute it equally 
by lifting the upper plate occasionally and reversing before replacing the 
nut. The graduation should be cleaned with a fine camel hair brush, as 
rubbing with cloth would soon destroy their sharp edges. Keep the 
object glass glass clean with a soft piece of chamoise leather or rag, and 
if greasy or very dirty, wash them with spirits of wine. Care should be 
taken not to wipe the object glass too frequently, as the fine polish will 
be destroyed It is seldom necessary to clean the inner surfaces of the 
glasses, and the object glass should not be unscrewed unnecessarily as it 
is likely to disturb the of line collimation. By unscrewing the cap at the 



28 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



eye-end, the lens maybe cleaned in the same manner. The transverse 
axis when taken from its bearings, should be replaced with a little mar- 
row, (rendered.) and the screws of bearings brought down sufficiently 
tight to admit its revolving freely. 

In case of fretting in telescope slide, the same should be taken out at 
once; the rough place scraped and burnished, also the inside of tube. 
Work in and out several times with a little oil, which should be well re- 
moved before replacing it. The tangent screws when taken apart, 
should bo replaced according to marks found, and caps bear sufficiently 
tight to prevent lost motion. The compass needle should be lowered upon 
its pivot gently, and not allowed to swing until the instrument is leveled. 
When stored for any length of time, allow the needle to take its own 
bearing, as lying in meridian, it will retain its magnetic power much 
longer. 

The cross hair adjustment should be made with the greatest of care, 
so as not to overstrain the screws, as an instrument will never retain its 
proper adjustment if drawn up tighter than a firm bearing. To keep the 
instrument steady, see that the screws holding the tripod legs are tight, 
also the steel shoes, as any shake in either of these will cause the instru- 
ment to be unsteady. 

Do not take the instrument apart often er than absolutely necessary, 
remembering that perfect fittings require care and experience, to put them 
properly together, and if the greatest precaution is not exercised, may 
cause defective results in the proper working of an instrument. 



REPAIR OF INSTRUMENTS. 



Injuries to instruments by accident, are sometimes of a more serious 
nature than anticipated. Although certain points of injury not apparent 
to the Engineer may appear trifling, none but those familiar with repairs 
can realize the amount of time consumed to correct seemingly trivial faults, 
which however ; to put the instrument in good working order, must be 
corrected. When considered that serious injury to the centres alone, in- 
volves the tedious re-centering of graduations, compass needle and pivot, 



F. E. BRAND IS, NEW YORK. 29 



examination of all following adjustments and correction if necessary • the 
Engineer will have a fair idea of the amount of time consumed. 

In all cases when dealing with a reputable firm, it is best to order 
them to make such warrantable repairs, as will put the same in thorough 
working order, which, although more expensive, is sure to give better 
satisfaction and prove more profitable in the end.' 

The transit being more complicated than the level, is more costly to 
repair. -Bending of the plates can in most cases be remedied, unless the 
graduated edges are badly injured. The cost of repairs for injuries to 
plates or centres and tangent screws may vary from $15.00 to $40.00. 

Re-graduating and figuring costs $15.00. The cost of re-adjustment 
of needle and magnetising same is $3.00. A new cap, needle and pivot is 
$5.00. New compass glass, best French crystal $1.00. Small level 
vials $1.50 and telescope level vial $3.00. 

Repairs of Levels vary from $5.00 to $15.00. Should a new centre 
be required or the telescope seriously injured, the cost may reach $25.00 
or even $35.00. New level vials accurately ground and of an^ desired 
sensitiveness $5.00. 

This will give the Engineer an approximate idea of cost of repairs. 
Tn all cases when instruments are ordered to be put in first-class condition, 
it will be done conscientiously ; at prices according to time consumed and 
consistant with first-class workmanship. 

. In sending instruments for repairs, they should be packed with ut- 
most care, as they are often much injured by careless packing. The name 
of sender and item of repairs required should be placed in the box. 






HO 



CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



GIESELER'S 
PATENT AMERICAN LEVELING TARGET. 
Patented, February 22, 1876. 
M4 ' 






z^^z^^^y*^.-^?* , "-? , -""« -21 J&*~!2- Ti i -"^- l -^r^^rrr- , ^ c " , -•• y-±z 



To obtain correct results when leveling, it is essential that the rod 
should be held perfectly perpendicular. 

The observer is able by means of his vertical cross wire to perceive 
any sideway deviation of the rod from perpendicularity, but he is not 
able to discern whether the top of the rod is inclined either to the in- 
strument, or in the opposite direction. 

This difficulty, which no doubt, is the origin of a great part of the 
mistakes made in leveling, is entirely removed by the use of the Patent 
American Leveling Target. 

The principle of this target is extremely simple, and may be best ex. 
plained it the following way. 



F. E. BRAND IS, NEW YORK. 31 

Suppose a target of the old kind, which, in its front view looks" 
exactly like the front view of the low target in Fig. 1, to be cut along the 
two vertical lines a a and b b, thus dividing it into three parts, — one centre- 
piece and two wings. — Suppose furthermore, the centre-piece to remain 
in its old place at the front of the rod, while the two wings are removed 
to the rear of the rod, then the consequence evidently will be, that the 
horizontal line c c d d will appear as one unbroken line to the observer 
only, when the rod is held perfectly perpendicular. Any deviation from 
perpendicularity in the direction of the instrument or away from it, will 
cause the two parts c c and d d of the horizontal line situated at the rear 
of the rod in the wings of the target, either to show above or below that 
part c d of the horizontal line, which is situated at the front of the rod in 
the centre-piece of the target. 

Fig. 1 giving the front view, and Fig. 2 the top view of the target in 
J^ natural size will, in addition to the above description clearly demon- 
strate the whole. 

Fig. 3 shows the working of .the apparatus when the rod is held in- 
clined. 

In City surveying the leveling rod is frequently used to determine the 
horizontal distance of the line of houses from the line of sight. It is 
hardly necessary to say that this new target is quite as useful in this 
case as it is for leveling. 

This target is also fitted with a diopter, the eye-hole of which is situated 
in the horizontal line of the rear plate, while the sighting point is in the 
same line on the front plate. 

This diopter serves a double purpose. In the first place the rodman 
by sighting the telescope of the instrument through it, has enabled him- 
self to find the vertical position of the rod, without at the same time 
losing sight of the observer of the instrument. 

In the second place its use will be found convenient whenever the 
rod is too close to the instrument for the use of the telescope. In these 
cases it is only necessary to sight the telescope through the diopter, while 
the rod is held in a vertical position. The position of the target thus ob- 
tained will give the correct reading. 

The use of the diopter for leveling purposes is of course limited to 
readings below the height of the rodman, while in determining horizontal 
distances by means of the leveling rod, it is avaiable for the full length of 
the rod. 



32 



CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



PRICE LIST OF ENGINEERS 7 AND SURVEYORS' 

INSTRUMENTS. 



Xo. 1 Combined Transit and Leveling Instrument, (Plate 2.) Horizon- 
tal plates 7 inches; graduated on silver plate into 20 or 30 minute spaces 
(as may be desired.) reading by double opposite verniers to 30 seconds or 
1 minute. Figured in double rows, one in quadrants from to 90 
degrees each way, and the other from to 360 degrees for angular repeti- 
tion. Reflectors over verniers to facilitate reading of graduations without 
straining the eye. Compass graduated into % degrees, figured in quadrants 
from to 90 degrees each way, with sensitive needle 5 inches 
long. Telescope reversing at both object and eye ends, 11 J^ inches long ; 
glasses perfectly achromatic; of excellent definition, and magnifying 25 
diameters. One end of axis adjustable. Compound centres, (extra long,) 
of phosphor bronze. Clamp and tangent attachment to telescope, with 
long sensitive level. Yertical circle or sector (as may be desired.) 5 inches 
diameter reading to one minute. Single tangent motion to lower base, 
giving the Engineer freedom of using one hand for telescope. Shifting 
centres, to set the instrument precisely over desired point after approxi- 
mately setting the tripod legs. Improved double cup and ball tangent 
screw, to prevent lost motion. 

Same packed in fine Mahogany case with strap for carrying, and 
rubber packings screwed to bottom of case to prevent jarring ; containing 
plumb bob, adjusting pins, sunshade and reading glass. 

Price— $250.00 

Xo. 2 Same as above, but without vertical circle, (Plate 1.) 

Price— $225.00 

Xo. 3 Plain Transit similar to (Plate 1,) but without clamp and 
attachment Price — $200.00 



EXTRAS TO COMPLETE, OR PLAIX TRAXSIT. 



Yertical Arc T}£ inches radius, reading to 1 minute Price — &15.00 

Gradienter attachment u 8.00 

Adjustable stadia wires " 12.00 

Fixed stadia wires to cover 1 foot of rod in 100 feet distance " 5.00 



F. E. BBANBIS, NEW YORK. 33 



Rain and dust protector for object slide e Price — $5.00 

Rack and pinion for focusing cross wires " 5.00 

Extension tripod legs " 10.00 

Improved sights for offsetting right angles " 5.00 

Graduation on solid silver. " 10.00 

" Platinum " 30.00 



SMALL ENGINEERS' TRANSIT. 



No. 4, It is sometimes desierable to use lighter instruments for 
Mountain or Mining purposes, which will give as accurate results as 
instruments of larger dimensions. The construction of this instrument is 
the same as that of the regular Engineers' Transit. The axis can be made 
to reverse in its bearings if so desired ; in all respects the same care is be- 
stowed upon this instrument as the most costly ones, and is of following 
dimensions. 

Graduated circle 5J^ inches diameter, reading to either 30 seconds or 
1 minute. Compass needle 4J£ inches long. Telescope (erect or inverting) 
10 inches long, clear aperture 1% inches, magnifying power 22 diameters. 
Weight 8J4 lbs Price $190.00 



EXTRAS TO ABOYE. 



Accurately ground level, with clamp and tangent attachment to telescope 

Price— $25.00 
Extra detachable side telescope, with vertical circle 5 inches 

diameter and counterpoise " 35.00 

Adjustable stadia wires " 12.00 

Fixed " " " 5.00 

Rack and pinion for eye-piece " 5.00 

Diagonal eye-piece " 12.00 

Graduation on solid silver " 10.00 

" " Platinum " 28.00 



34 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 

SMALL MINING. RECONNOISSANCE AND 
MOUNTAIN TRANSIT. 

No. 5, These are exceedingly portable and accurate instruments, they 
are a fac-simile of (Plate 3,) with the exception of vertical circle, or sector, 
not shown in the engraving. 

The horizontal circle is 4 inches diameter, graduated on solid silver; 
reading by double opposite verniers to 1 minute, placed either at an angle 
of 35 degrees or directly under the telescope, permitting them to be read 
without change of position. 

The compass needle is 2^ inches long. Figures run from to 
360 degrees. Centres are compound, 3^ inches long, and of Phosphor 
Bronze. The telescope is 8J£ inches long, with clear aperture of 1 ^ 6 inches, 
magnifying power 20 diameters. 

The Instrument complete weighs 4j^ lbs., tripod weight 3 lbs. Pack- 
ed in fine mahogany case, with strap and aU accessories. 

Price— $175.00 

EXTRAS TO ABOVE. 

Vertical Circle 4*^ inches, reading to 1 minute Price — $15.00 

Arc or Sector, 6 inches radius. . . . t; 12.00 

Extra detachable side telescope, with vertical circle 4J^ inches, 

and counterpoise " 25.00 

Diagonal eye-piece " 10.00 

Leather cover for case, with strap " 5.00 

Level, clamp and tangent attachment " 17.00 

Adjustable stadia wires ' k 10.00 

Graduations on Platinum (both circles.). ; u 20.00 

MINING TRANSITS. 

No. 6, These instruments have Bell Metal plates, 1 inches diameter, 
and are graduated into 20 minute spaces, reading by opposite verniers to 20 
seconds. 



F. E. BRANDIS, NEW YORK. 35 



The vernier openings are very wide and placed at an angle of 35 degrees 
or directly under telescope. The Engineer often being limited as to space 
in mine work, he will find this method of great convenience, as he is en- 
abled to read the vernier without danger of disturbing the tripod legs in 
stepping aside of the instrument, besides getting a better light. 

In the telescopes of these instruments, it is advisable to have the rack 
and pinion motion near the eye-end, and the eye-piece inverting; (Plate 3,) 
the former being more convenient to handle, and the latter giving a more 
brilliant light. The axis is perforated, and has a small reflector in the cen- 
tre for illuminating cross wires The smaller instruments have a reflector 
for that purpose attached to the object head. 

An extra side telescope is frequently attached, permitting vertical 
sighting up or down the shaft, also improved adjustable lamp holder, which 
can be°brought to any height or position, for either reading the verniers or 
illuminating the cross wires : attached to a convenient place at the base of 
the instrument. 



EXTRAS TO ABOYE. 

Extra detachable side telescope with 5^ inch vertical circle and 

counterpoise Price-$60.00 

Adjustable lamp holder as described lo - 00 

Reflecting shade for illuminating cross wires "' 8.00 

Small bulls-eye lamp, arranged so as to throw light down- 
ward on graduations by means of a prism 15.00 

• u a on 

Detachable prism to eye-piece • • °- uu 

v " 1 2 00 

Diagonal eye-piece x " ,yj 

Offsetting sights, at right angles to telescope 5 - 00 

Adjustable stadia wires l2 * 00 

Plummet lamp (copper.) 10 - 00 

Extra extension leg tripod 18 - 00 

Graduations on platinum 35 - 00 



->>^J^^--* 



36 



CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



TRANSIT WITH REVERSIBLE AXIS. 

adapted t Itt engr ^ (Plate 3,) repr6SentS an -foment specially 
adapted for extensive tabulations and extremely fine work It is 

telescope to either 1 or 20 seconds. 

t ai ,Jf e , iS b6ing reVerSMe in ltS b6arin ^ the best ***** may be ob- 
tamed tor ahgmngstraight lines. With pivots of exactly the same dimeter 
these telescopes m vertical plane, give the most accurate results ' 

The compass, carrying a very sensitive needle 4M inches tan* i« 
^-* the upper plates. Axis bearings are agate, td so ar Zen 

ZllZ7 mSd0Wn T C ° VerS ' SUfflCient **»"* be obtained to 
hold the te escope m any desired position. Tho shape of standards admit 

l" g angle telescope to be applied of sufficient elevation and depressTn 

The telescope has a focal lenghtof 10 inches by finches clear aperture ' 

wxth Steinheil eye-piece, giving a magnifying power of 30 diameters 

Price— $240.00 
EXTBAS TO ABOYE. 



Detachable level to telescope (with tangent screw and check nut same as in 
'' • Price ^25 Oft 

Plain vertical circle 5 inches diameter graduated on solid 

silver, reading to 1 minute „ „ r 

Striding level over transverse axis; repeating vertical circle, 
6 inches diameter with level alidade, reading by double 
verniers to 30 seconds „ 5 

Bight angle telescope, 11^ inches long, by 'l 'inch 'clear 

aperture ,, 50 0Q 

No. 8, Same as (Plate 3,) with horizontal circle', 6 inches diameter 

reading by opposite verniers to 20 seconds Price-$230 00 

Jixtras ranging in price same as above. 



TRANSIT WITH REVERSABLE AXIS 
AS MADE FOR U.S.ENGI N EER CORPS. 

PLATE N ° .TEE 




made: by 
F. E. BRAND IS. NEW YORK 



F. & BRANDIS, NEW YORK. 31 



IMPROVED CITY TRANSIT. 



No. 0, (Plate 4.) Horizontal circle, *7 inches diameter, graduated on 
solid silver into 20 minute spaces, reading by opposite verniers to 20 
seconds. Compass needle 4j^ inches long. Extra long compound centres 
of phosphor bronze. Telescope 1 5 inches long, clear aperture 1 }£ inches, 
magnifying power, 28 diameters. Long sensitive ground level under 
telescope, with tangent screw and check nut attached to object end of 
telescope. The axis is free from clamps, and can be reversed in its bearings 
by simply withdrawing the pins from tangent piece and clips. Right angle 
telescope llj^ inches long, clear aperture 1 inch, magnifying power, 25 
diameters. The standards being only 4 inches high, gives the instrument 
great steadiness. Telescope packed in such a manner so as not to rest in 
its bearings Price— $350.00, 

No. lO, Same as above, but without right angle telescope. 

Price— $300.00 

No. 11, Same as No. 10, but without right angle telescope, level and 
tangent attachment Price — $2*75.00 

The above instruments, on account of their superior accuracy, are 
almost indispensable to the city Engineer engaged in precise work. 



TRANSIT THEODOLITES. 



No. 12, Horizontal circle 8 inches diameter; graduated on solid silver 
into 10 minute spaces, reading by opposite verniers to 10 seconds. Teles- 
cope has a focal length of 1 8 inches by 1 ^ inches clear aperture. Striding 
level over transverse axis, reading to 5 seconds. . » Price — $360.00 

No. 13, Same as above with vertical circle, 1 inches diameter, gradu- 
ated on silver, and reading to 20 seconds Price — $425.00 

No. 14, The base and standards are the same as those in (Plate 9,) Hori- 
zontal circle 9 inches diameter, graduated on silver into 1 minute spaces, 
reading by opposite verniers to 1 seconds. Telescope has a focal length 
of 18 inches by 1 J£ inches clear aperture. 2 Steinheil-eye pieces of 40 and 
50 magnifying powers. Attached reading glasses and all accessories. 

. Price— $400.00 



38 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



No. 15, Same as No. 14, but with repeating vertical circle, 6 inches 
diameter and level alidade, reading by opposite verniers to 30 seconds. 

Price— $475.00 

Xo. 16, With base and standards same as (Plate 9.) Horizontal circle 

] inches diameter, graduated on silver into 1 minute spaces, reading by 

3 verniers to 10 seconds. Telescope has a focal length of 18 inches by 1% 

inches clear aperture. 2 Steinheil eye-pieces of 40 and 50 magnifying powers, 

also fixed stadia wires Price — $525.00 

No. 17, Same as No. 16, but with repeating vertical circle 7 inches 
diameter and level alidade, reading by opposite verniers to 20 seconds. 

Price— $650.00 

No. 18, With base and standards same as (Plate 9.) Horizontal circle 

1 2 inches diameter, graduated on silver into 5 minute spaces, reading by 4 

verniers to 5 seconds. Telescope has a focal length of 20 inches, by 1% 

inches clear aperture; 2 Steinheil and 1 diagonal eye-piece. 

Price— $725.00 
No. 19, Same as No. 18, but with repeating vertical circle 8 inches 
diameter and level alidade, reading by opposite verniers to 1 seconds. 

Price— $875.00 

KOTE. 

All the foregoing instruments are supplied with delicate striding level 
over transverse axis, attached reading glasses over verniers, and all 
necessary accessories. 

ENGINEERS' LEVELING INSTRUMENTS. 

No. 20, Improved Wye Leveling Instrument, (Plate 5.) with patent- 
ed "centre and seat" attachment as described, Improved tangent screw, 
moving with bar. Arrangement for keeping the wires perfectly horizontal. 
Telescope 17 or 18 inches long by 1% inches clear aperture. Object 
erect; magnifying power 40 diameters. Telescope collars of exactly same 
diameter. Sensitive level, reading 10 seconds on graduated scale. Extra 
long phosphor bronze centres. Warranted to retain its adjustment, and 
perform the most accurate work. Packed in fine mahogany case with 
strap, containing sun shade and adjusting pins Price — $140.00 



F. R BRAND IS, NEW YORK. 39 



SMALLER LEVELS. 

No. 21, This refers to an instrument similar to the regular Engineers' 
Wye level, excepting in size and weight. The telescope is 1 1 J£ inches 
long by lj^ inches clear aperture, magnifying power 23 diameters. The 
centres are long, and can be detached from the parallel plates, same as the 
larger ones. Accurately ground and sensitive level reading on scale to 15 
seconds. 

The weight of instrument complete is 4 pounds, weight of tripod 2J£ 
pounds. Packed in fine mahogany case with strap for carrying on shoulder. 

Price— $125.00 
Extra leather case " 8.00 



LEVEL OF PRECISION. 

No. 22, These instruments are so constructed, so as to insure the most 
perfect results obtainable. The base has 3, instead of 4 leveling screws, 
carrying an extra long centre of steel ; sockets are phosphor bronze. The 
horizontal circle is G inches diameter graduated on silver, and reading by 
opposite verniers to 30 seconds. 

The phosphor bronze telescope collars, rest on agate bearings. The 
telescope is inverting, and has a focal length of 18 inches, by 1J£ inches 
clear aperture, 2 Stemheil eye-pieces, magnifying powers 40 and 50 
diameters respectively. The level is chambered and reads to 3 seconds. 
The "hearing nearest the eye-end has a G-radienter screw (100 threads to the 
inch, attached. Micrometer drum is graduated into 100 equal parts. 
Clamp and double cup tangent movement. Packed complete in case with 
all accessories Price— $260.00 

No. 23, Same with telescope 12 inches focal length, graduated circle 
5 inches diameter, otherwise same as above Price — $200.00 



H>^^pfe-^r-^ 



40 CATALOG UE AND PRICE LIST. 



GEADIENTEE. 

No. 24, This instrument is designed for measuring angles of elevation 
and depression as well as for taking distances. The compass needle is 
5 inches long, reading about 20 degrees each way. Very sensitive striding 
level over compass box. Horizontal circle 4 inches diameter, vertical arc 
5 inch radius, both graduated on silver, and reading to minutes The 
telescope is inverting, and has a focal length of 10 inches, by 1 V 'inches 
clear aperture. Extra stadia wires. Packed complete in mahoglny case 
With accessories Price-$22 5 .00 

PLANE TABLES. 

_ No. 25, Similar to description (Plate G,) alidade ruler adjustable 20 
inches long, carrying a powerful telescope of 1 5 inches focal leno-th Table in 
panels, 24 by 30 inches. Detachable compass box with 5° inch needle 
reading 20 degrees each' way. Vertical arc graduated on silver, readme to 
30 seconds. All latest improvements. Packed securely in separate ca°se S 
containing plumb bob, reading glass, adjusting pins, screw driver and 

8 brass clamps. Table packed in extra box Price— $275 00 

No. 26, Similar to (Plate 6,) with hat centres " 255.00 

BUET'S SOLAE COMPASS. 

No. 2 7, This instrument is designed for determining the true meridian. 
It is mostly used in running lines on Government Land Surveys The sub- 
divisions are made by regular angular measurements. As solar work can 
only be performed in clear weather, this instrument is supplied with a 
compass needle 5 inches long, and 1 inch graduated circle, reading by op- 
posite verniers to 30 seconds. Latitude and. declinations arc's read to 

minutes. AH graduations are on silver Price-$280.00 

No. 28, Same with detachable telescope and sights. . " 315 00 

No. 29, Large size solar; plates 8 inches diameter, latitude and 

declination arc's 7 inches radius Price-$330.00 



F. K BRANDIS, NEW YORK. 41 



PATENTED AMERICAN LEVELING TARGET. 

No. 30, Fitted to any New York rod Price — $5.50 

No. 31, Lower clamp for rod " 2.50 



SPIRIT LEVELS. 

No. 32, Levels from 2 to 2J^ inches long accuately ground; suitable 

for transit plates Price — $1.25 

Same from 2^£ to 4 inches long for transit telescope " 3.00 

Same from 4 to ^ inches long for leveling instruments " 6.00 

Chambered levels reading to 5 seconds . . " 12.00 

"3 " " 15.00 

" " "2 " " 25.00 

" " "1 " " 40.00 



THE STATION POINTER. 

No. 33, This instrument, which is composed of one fixed and two 
moveable arms, and a graduated circle, is designed for the mechanical 
solution of the "three point problem," or determination of the distance 
and true bearing of a point from three other points, whose bearing and dis- 
tance from each other are known by triangulation, and saves much of the 
time necessary for the graphical or analytical solution of this problem. 

The use of the problem is more frequent in marine, than in land 
surveying. It is chiefly employed for determining the position of a boat 
from which soundings are being taken, in a river or along a coast. As the 
boat moves from point to point to take fresh soundings, it becomes necessary 
to take new observations at each point, in order to define its position on the 
chart. 

An observation consists in the measurement by a sextant of the two 
angles subtended by three signals on shore, whose position has been pre- 
viously determined. 

To plot the position on the map, the Station Pointer is employed. The 
moveable arms are set to the two angles ; the edge of the middle or fixed 
arm is placed on the central object, and the instrument moved until the 



42 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



edges of the moveable arms bisect the points on the chart or plan represent- 
ing the other two positions. The centre will represent the position of the 
observer, and may be pricked through on the chart. 

No. 34, Plain as above, with 5 inch circle, graduated on silver, 
verniers reading to 1 minute, arms 20 inches long Price — $65.00 

No. 3£>, Same, but with 6 inch circle, tangent screw to arms, verniers 
reading to 30 seconds, extension arms 15 inches long Price — $105.00 

No. 36, Same, with 7 inch circle, reading to 20 seconds " — $1 15.00 

CROZET'S PROTRACTOR. 

No. 37, This protractor (Fig. 15,) was designed by Col. Crozet, 
IT. S. Engineer Corps. It is 8 inches diameter, graduated to read to 
either 30 seconds or 1 minute. To keep the metal from coming in contact 
with the paper, small ivory pins are placed on the bottom of frame, leaving 
only the adjustable feather edge bearing upon the paper. The whole is 
made of German Silver, packed in fine morocco case Price — $45.00 

CIRCULAR PROTRACTORS. 

No. 38, These protractors, as shown in (Pig. 14,) are of the best 18$ 
German Silver, and can be recommended for their superiority over Swiss 
protractors, which have of late years been graduated very irregular and 
coarse. 
No. 39, Circular protractor, 6 inches diameter, with horn centre ; reading 1 

minute Price— $15.00 

No. 40, Same, 8 inches diameter, reading 1 minute " 18.50 

No. 41, "10 " " " 1 " " 22.50 

No. 42, Semi circle protractor, 6 inches diameter, with horn 

centre ; reading 1 minute " 1 3.00 

No. 43, Same, 8 inches diameter, reading 1 minute " 16.00 

No. 44, "10 " . " " 1 " " 22.00 

No. 45, " 8 " ", with 1 5 inch arm attached, 

reading glass, clamp and tangent screw to arm, reading to 

30 seconds , " 45.00 

No. 46, Same, with arm 20 inches long " 50.00 

No. 47, "10 inches diameter, arm 30 inches long " 65.00 



N?.I4 CIRCULAR PROTRACTOR 




MADE BY 

f; e. brand is., newyork 



F. E. BRAND IS, NEW YORK. 43 



PRISMATIC AZIMUTH COMPASSES. 

*No. 48, Compass of brass 3 inches diameter Price — $25.00 

No. 49, " " German silver 4 indies diameter 30.00 

No. 50, u " '* " one side used for vertical, 

the other for horizontal angles 75.00 

Extra leather case with strap for above 3.00 

MINER'S COMPASS. 

No. 51, This consists of a dipping needle 3 inches long, which inclines 
to any mass of iron, thus discovering its position. In using it for tracing 
ore, the observer holds the ring in his hand, keeping the needle north and 
south, and facing west. 
By holding it horizontal, it serves as an ordinary compass Price — $12.00 

ANEROID BAROMETERS. 

All these aneroids are of the best manufactured, and thoroughly 
tested before sending. 

No. 52, Aneroid 2>£ inches, silver case , , Price — $55.00 

No. 53, " 3 " graduated 6,000 feet 35.00 

No. 54, " 3 " " 20,000 " 45.00 

No, 55, " 5 " " 6,000 " 35.00 

No. 56, <; 5 " " 20.000 " 50.00 



LOCKE'S HAND LEVELS. 

No. 57, Locke's hand level, made of German silver Price— $12.00 

No. 58, " " " " "Brass . 10.00 



PLUMB BOBS. 



No. 60, " " " 15" tempered point 2.00 

No. 61, " " u 24" " "■ .v 4.00 



44 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



LEVELING BODS AND RANGING POLES. 

No. 62, Boston Rod (Fig. 16,) Mahogany Price— $18.00 

No. 63, Philadelphia Rod (Fig. It,) Mahogany 18.00 

No. 64, New York Rod (Fig. 18,) Satin wood 15,00 

No. 65, With Patented American Target 16.00 

No. 66, Ranging poles (Fig. 19,) 6 feet long. . 2.50 

No. 67, " " " 8 " " 2.75 

No. 68, " " " 10 " ".. 3.00 

No. 69, Ranging poles (Fig. 19,) 6 feet long 2.75 

No. 70, " " " 8 " " 3.00 

No* 71, " " " 10 " " 3.25 

ENGINEERS' AND SURVEYORS' CHAINS. 

No. 72, Engineer's chain 50 feet, 50 links, No. 7 wire Price — $3.75 

No. 73, " " 100 "100 " " 7 " .... " 5.00 

No. 74, " " 50 " 50 " " 12 best steel 

wire, brazed links and rings . . . " 6.00 

No. 75, Engineer's chain 100 feet, 100 links No. 12, best 

steel wire, brazed links and rings " 11.00 

No. 76, Surveyor's Chain, 2 poles, 50 links, No. 9 wire, oval rings 2.00 
No. 77, " " 2 " 40 " " 8 " " '• 2.80 

No. 78, " "2 " 50 " " 7 " " " 2.80 

No. 79, " " 4 " 100 " " 9 " " " 3.50 

No. 80, " " 4 " 100 " " 8 " " " 4.50 

No. 81, " " 4 " 100 " " 7 " " " 5.50 

No. 82, " " 2 " 50 " " 12 best steel wire, 

brazed links and rings 1.00 

No. 83, Surveyor's Chain, 4 poles, 100 links No. 1 2 best steel wire, 

brazed links and rings 12.00 

Spanish and Mexican Vara Chains made to order. 

No. 84, Marking pins, 11 in set, steel wire, 8 inches .75 

No. 85, " " 4 11 " " "10 " 1.00 

No. 86, " " 11 " " "12 " 1.25 

No. 87, " " 11 " " "15 " 1.50 



LEVELING RODS AMD RANGING POLES 



■■^ 



16 




20 



E E.BRAND1S. NEW YORK 



F. E. BRANDTS, NEW YORK. 45 



STANDARD STEEL TAPE MEASURES. 

These tapes are made of the best tempered steel wire, from 100 to 
1,000 feet long as may be desired, and are compared with precise U. S. 
Standard, at office of weights and measures, "Washington. The tempera- 
ture at which they were compared, is stamped upon them. 

The steel ribbon of which they are made, is ^ of an inch thick, by 3 3 3 
of an inch wide. A tape 300 feet long has the first 100 feet graduated at 
every 50 feet. The second 100 feet at every 25 feet, the next 90 feet at 
every 10 feet, the next 9 feet at every foot, and the last foot into lOths. 

STEEL TAPES, PRECISE U. S. STANDARD. 

No. 88, First 100 feet, graduated at every 50 feet Price^-$5.00 

" " Second 100 '" " " " 25 " " 5.80 

" " Third 100 " " " " 10 " ; ' f.OO 

Reel and handle for above " 5.00 

Brass handles to unship, each " 1.20 

Each additional graduation and figuring, " .20 

EXTRAS. 

No. 89, Compensating handle for difference of temperature . Price — $5.00 
Plain spring balance " 2.00 

No. 90, Steel ribbon tape as above, 50 feet long, with spring 
balance, thermometer, 2 handles and folding reel, mostly 
used for measuring valuable grounds in larger cities. . " 16.00 

No. 91, Grumman Patent Chain, 50 feet, spring balance 

and thermometer, weight 12 oz> , " 11.00 

PAINE'S PATENT STEEL TAPE MEASURES. 

Ihese, and all following steel tape measures are always compared 
with precise XL S. Standard, and a note of comparison and state of 
thermometer at the time of testing accompanies every tape. Engineer's 
may test their tapes at my shop free of charge. 
Steel tape in tin cases (Japanned.) 



46 



CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



No. 92, Steel Tapes, 25 feet long lOths or I2ths $ 3.50 



No. 93, " 


33 " 


No. 94, u 


50 " 


No. 95, " 


66 " 


No. 96, " 


u 75 « 


No. 97, " 


» 100 •' 



4.50 

6.00 

8.00 

10.00 

12.00 




Same as above but in leather cases, flush handle. 

No. 98, Steel Tape, 33 feet long lOths or 12ths $ 5.50 

No. 99, " " 50 " " " " 8.00 

No. lOO, " " 66 " " " " 10.00 

No. 101, * " T5 l; " " " 12.00 

No. 102, " " 100 a " " " 15.00 




EXTRAS TO PAINE'S PATENT STEEL TAPES. 
No. 103, Compensating handles with graduated scale. . ..pr. pair $3.50 

Pocket thermometer ... 1.50 

Spring balance and level , „ 4.00 

Extra graduations on reverse side of tape to centimeters. . .pr. foot .10 



F. E. BRANDIS, NEW YORK. 



47 



METALLIC TAPE MEASURES. 




Extra fine Corded Linen, Bent Leather Case, (red Japanned) 

No. 104, Metallic tape line, 25 feet long lOths or 12ths $2.50 

No. 105, " " u 33 "' " " •' 3.25 

No. 106, " u u 66 " " " " 3.70 

No. 107, " " " 75 ■ " " " "..... 4.00 

No. 108, " • " " 100 " " " " 5.00 



CHESTERMAN'S STEEL TAPE MEASURES. 

In strong bent Leather Cases, flush handle, warranted correct meas- 



ure, 



No. 109, Steel Tape, 33 feet long lOths or 12ths $6.00 

No. 110, " " 50 - " " " <; 7.50 

No. Ill, <: ", 66 " i; " '" 9.00 

No. 112, ' ; " 75 " <; " " 10.00 

No. 113, " " 100 " " 



" 12.00 



CHESTERMAN'S METALLIC TAPES. 

In Leather Case. 

No. 1 14, Metallic Tape, 33 feet long lOths or 1 2ths $2.30 

No. 115, " " 50 u '• " " 3.00 

No. 116, " " G6 " " " ■ " 3.30 

No. 117, " u 75 " " " " 3.75 

No. 118, " " 100 " " " " 4.75 



A few extracts of letters from correspondents using my instru- 
ments are herewith added, and I would refer those unacquainted with 
the quality of my work to the following, which will speak for them- 
selves : 

XJ. S. Engineer Office, 
Chattanooga, Tenn., March 17, 1875. 
F. E. Brandis, New York. 

Dear Sir :— I enclose herewith detailed report of quality and performance of 
instruments purchased from you. According to statement of gentlemen using 
them they seem to give excellent satisfaction. 

Yours very respectfully, Walter McFarland, 

Major of Engineers. 

U. S. Engineer's Camp, No. 1, 

Yuka, Miss., Feb. 7, 1875. 
Mr. F. E. Brandis, N. Y. 

Dear Sir :— Your letter of January duly received ; I wished to see the per- 
formance of the instruments sent before answering. Afterward I received orders 
to press my work, which has since occupied all my time and attention. 

The instruments arrived in good order and almost perfect adjustment, which 
is a good indication of a well-made instrument. I think your instruments are 
very fine. I think the graduation of the transits are the finest I ever saw in 
field instruments. The parts are admirably fitted, and the centering appears 
to be perfect. 

The thermometer was down to about zero, and the contraction resulting there- 
from caused the parallel plate-screws of level to jam ; this was only for about 
three days. Afterward the gentlemen using them said they would not desire 
better. I particularly admire your device for keeping the telescope and bubble 
always in the same vertical plane. I take great pleasure in recommending your 
instruments. Very respectfully, 

Powhattan Robinson, U. S. Asst. Engineer. 



College Point Water Works, 

College Point,. L L, Aug. 1, 1877. 
Mr. F. E. Brandis, 55 Fulton Street, N. Y. 

Dear Sir:— I express with pleasure my entire satisfaction with the City 
Transit purchased from you three years ago. 

The lessening of the distance between axis of large telescope and the centres, 
thereby causing less vibration, is a great improvement on the old pattern. The 
graduation is very exact, an eccentricity hardly traceable, and the entire work- 
manship accurate and careful up to the smallest details. The fine castings and 
finish, give the instrument an excellent appearance. 

The lenses in the telescopes are choice glasses, affording a sharp and distinct 
sight of an ordinary plumb line at 1,050 feet distance in clear weather and looking 
north. 

The instrument keeps its adjustment remarkably well, as proved by searching 
tests on the day of its delivery and at various times since. 

Yours truly, W. L. F. Martens, 

Engineer and Supt. of Water Works. 



New York, Sept. 6, 1877. 
Mr. F. E. Brandis. 

Dear Sir :— Accept expression of satisfaction, if nothing more, from me in 
the case of the Theodolite Transit No. 222, sold me some time since. I have 
never seen a telescope on any transit or level that excels mine in distinctness and 
flatness of field, which characteristics I consider necessary to the successful 
working of every instrument. 

It may be interesting to mention that I use the midrib of a window sash V& 
inches wide and 9.800 feet distance as a test of adjustment. I have set my staff at 
a distance of 4,000 feet without effort. lam pleased to express to you my com- 
plete satisfaction with the instrument in its several uses, as an angle measurer, 
both horizontal and vertical, level, and aligner. 

Yours respectfully, Richard Ferris, C. E., 

Belleville, Essex Co., N. «/. 



Brooklyn, Flatbush, and Coney Island Kail way, 

Office of Chief Engineer, Brooklyn, April 1, 1878. 
P. E. Brandis. 

Dear Sir :— The patented level which I bought of you Jan. 29 has been in 
continuous use since that date, and has thus far given complete satisfaction. The 
glasses are very fine indeed, the bubble quick to respond, and the instrument holds 
its adjustment exceedingly well. 

Your idea in protecting the centre 2 and at the same time leaving it so perfectly 
independent, is certainly an advance in the right direction. % 

Yours, etc., A. C. Walbridge. 



Buffalo, N. Y., April 24, 1881. 
F. E. Brandis, N. Y. City. 

Dear Sir :— In answer to your request as to the workings of the transit and 
level purchased from you some sixteen months ago, I may remark that the period 
is not sufficient to judge of their durability, but have not discovered as yet any 
wear. 

With the transit I have seta flag pole (1*4 inch gas pipe, painted red and white 
alternately) thirty-seven hundred feet in a city street with accuracy ; with the 
horizontal circle, which is divided to twenty minutes and reading thirty seconds, 
I have taken readings by interpellating to fifteen seconds, then repeated the angle 
four times, and always check within the graduation, i. e. thirty seconds. 

With the level I am highly pleased ; it is compact, well braced, and propor- 
tional ; has a splendid set of lenses, and a very sensitive bubble. I completed 
this week the running of levels over a triangle whose sides amounted to forty- 
four miles (sixteen of which was a gradual slope, and the remainder somewhat 
broken), and closed on my initial bench 0.32' low. For the gently sloping country 
the sights were from 800 to 1,000 feet each way, and the broken ground averaged, 
say 500 feet each way ; the rod only read to hundredths, but all sights were bal- 
anced as near as possible ; no time was consumed in " splitting hairs," the last 
20^4 miles being run in §% days. 

I would further state that the instruments seldom require adjustment, and 
when they do it is easily accomplished. 

Yours very truly, S. Davis, Asst. Engineer, 

N. Y. L. & W. Eailway. 



U. S. Engineer Office, Fort Montgomery, 

Mouse's Point, N. T., April 21, 1881. 
F. E. Brandis, Esq., N. Y. ^ . 

Dear Sir :— In regard to the merits of the transit theodolite made and fur- 
nished by you to the United States for use at this office in October, 1878, , I have to 
state that the instrument has since that time been in our river and harbor work, 
and given good satisfaction. ■ 

The arrangement of the tripod head for shifting the centre and getting the axis 
of the instrument over a g^iven point without changing the position of the legs, I 
have always found convenient. . _ , . 

The level attachment likewise— by leaving the instrument unincumbered when 
in use as a transit only, and its readv conversion by the application of the attach- 
ments thereto when needed as a* level, is found convenient in our harbor 
operations. m M 

And I would more say, that in my use of instruments for the past twenty-five 
years, I have never used one whose parts moved more freely, and at the same 

time maintained its adjustments any better. . 

Yours very respectfully, D. White, U. S. Asst Engineer, 



U. S. Engineer Office, May 7, 1881. 
The instrument referred to in the above letter was purchased and sent to Mr. 
White when he was in my employment, and from my knowledge of his experience 
as an engineer and as one familiar with the use of instruments of this class, I 
endorse his statement. „ m . _■ . 

John Newton, Colonel of Engineers, 
BvL MaJ, (knL 



^ PART II. qU 



ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS 



G R A D U AT I N-G ENGINE 



PLATE N° V 




MADE BY 

E E.BRAND1S. NEW YORK 



P. E. BRANDIS, NEW YORK. 51 

DESCRIPTION OF NEW GRADUATING ENGINE. 

(Plate 1.) 

Astronomical instruments require circles, whose precise accuracy is 
progressing with their construction. 

Resolved to construct a circular dividing engine that would be as 
perfect as possible, I have attained this after six years of incessant 
labor. • 

This engine bears 4,320 points, of which the relative positions are 
verified exactly to less than " 5.' 

It will probably be interesting to know the proceedings that were 
followed in the construction of this machine, chiefly to those who have 
circles in their possession which are to be verified, and to demonstrate 
with what precision this part of the work is done. We proceed with three 
operations. 

First Operation. — Two concentric circles, 40 inches diameter were 
placed at 3 inches distance from one another by a strong iron foot, provided 
with wedged vises, clamped together on stones. The interior circle 
which we will call C, was fixed steady, and served to support the acces- 
sories. 

The other circle c, also moveable around its axis, carries on its upper 
part a ring of platinum to receive the divisions, and on its interior side 
a limb of brass to move the denture or set of teeth on the field. 

The circles 0, and c, could be fastened together by a recalling " pebble 
lever," which allowed the circle C, to be fixed in an undetermined position. 
On either point of circle C, a mark on the lengthening of a radius was 
made, which sought to determine a point which was exactly 180° from 
the original mark. 

For this purpose a microscope pointer was fixed on circle C, in such a 
manner, that the thread of its reticule did accurately cover the original 
mark. A moveable ruler was now placed on the centre of rotation at its 
extremities with a comparator, carrying a needle in alluminum; this 
needle vertically suspended, and equilateral as a balance beam, ends under 
the suspension point by two plain parallel surfaces of tempered steel, 
destined to serve in contact, Its extremity was arranged in quadrants 
bearing, a symetric division by report of an axis that indicated 0. 



52 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



A microscope reticule held by a moveable ruler, covered the point 
by a thread in the equilateral position. There was also attached tD circle 
C, at the extremities of the same diameter two horizontal clamps with 
steel points. 

A micrometer vise with a divided drum permitted to advance or 
retard the points of small quantity. The circle C, having been made un- 
moveable, the alidade was turned, until the needle of the comparator 
covered the two points. The point was recalled by means of its clamp, 
till the need'.e coincided with of its division before the thread of 
microscope. Now having made the alidade solid by means of special 
clamps, the circle c, was made moveable and constrained the system, so 
as to make the needle cover the second point, and then was covered 
again as before. 

The original point had by this time traveled about 180°. Again 
the circle C, was made unmoveable, the comparator was brought in 
contact with the first point, the needle was brought back to 0, and the 
alidade again fixed to the circle c. The circle was allowed to turn so long, 
tiU the comparator covered the second point; the needle had now arrived 
at 0. By this manipulation the "original point passed twice the angle 
made by the two points, and when these points were at 180°, one or the 
other line found itself again under the threads of the fixed microscope. 
The two points were from that time strictly at 180°. A second line was 
made on the circle c, exactly covered by the moveable microscopic thread. 
Then the points were displaced, so as to bring them about to 90° of the two 
lines, and operating as before, two new lines were obtained. Agitating 
successively in this manner, 720 lines were obtained, representing %°. 

After this, a clamp and tangent was attached to circle C, provided 
with a micrometric tracer, with which whole and fractions of intervals 
contained between these 720 divisions could be estimated. Now every 
interval was divided into G parts, and at every new space the tracer would 
mark a new line on the circle. 

The difference between the lines was therefore a 5 ', and the circle 
had 4,320 lines. This division was verified by placing on the circle C, 
four microscopes 90° apart These micrometric microscopes were pro- 
vided with combs, whose teeth divided in five parts an interval double 
of that of two consecutive divisions, or 10.' These combs counted the 
course of the micrometer clamp. The drums of the micrometers were 
divided in 60 parts, by which the J£ " was easily appraised. 



F. E. BE AND IS, NEW YORK. 53 

Second Operation. — The question was to establish on the circle 
a " denture," which, being an exact copy of the divisions, could transform 
the circle in the machine to divide; therefore, a series of sharp instruments 
that were mounted on the circle C. along the slope were so placed, that by 
making the circle c, cut one division each time, you could easily trace 
a mark on the edge of the ring of copper. There were also made three 
successive trials by which you could judge whether the denture was deep 
enough: This delicate opera ion lasted over six months. 

Third Operation. — Being assured, that the dentures were the exact 
reproduction of the division which served to obtain it, a tangent vise was 
fastened on an isolated support. This vise in its dimensions, calcu- 
lated in advance, presented a diameter large enough, that its contact with 
the denture took place only on a weak portion of its contour. 

By means of this vise, the circle C, was advanced one division, by 
which a tracer marked one line on the limb in opposite direction of 
division first obtained. By means of the microscopes, winch were placed 
on circle C, it was observed that each line of the second division was well 
covered in the same time than its corresponding line of the first was covered 
by the threads of the reticule. 

Such has been the minute operation, by which this dividing en- 
gine was established. 

At the tangent vise is an adopted accountant whose drum is divided 
in 300 parts. The tangent vise has a step equal to 5,' each division indi- 
cating the second. A crank mounted independent of the machine will 
catch between four striking points (*'a spring ") situated perpendicular on 
the axis of the vise, and turning after this plan entrains the tangent vise 
in its alternative movements. The agitation given to the contacts by the 
hands of the operator, is always avoided. 

The same carries a system of columns (articulated,) which belong to 
the apperatus of the tracer. The latter deserves to be specially mentioned. 
Established in a solid manner on a system of mounted traverses on the 
nut of a screw on the circle c, by an ingenious disposition (which was 
Ramsden's,) the tracer was made automatic, and replaced the movement 
of the ratchet subject to error, by a system of agitation by a straight rule, 
pivoting around its own summit, whose extremity is fast to the conduct- 
ing foik of the tool 



54 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



It is clear that these prominent parts of the cam will lift the free 
Ficle of the ruler, and come nearer the circumference of the tool, whiLe 
in competition an eccentre acting on the fork, moves the tool away from 
the surface to be divided. 

The number of segments of the cam, their more or less prominence 
determine the length of the lines. But, like the space of one degree 
divided in twelve, it may become necessary to have lines of various 
lengths ; the diameter of the cam wLl not allow a number of sufficient 
segments, but a simple manipulation allows you to change the number of 
determined lines. An appendix culminating under the "ruler" retires, 
as soon as the tool Jias traced. 

The whole system is of an incomparable rigidity, and will not permit 
agitation which would render the lines too long or too short. The tool 
is no more in the hands of the operator, and you are assured that all the 
lines are of equal length on the circle in a perfect rectitude. 



EQUATORIAL INSTRUMENTS. 



No. 1 19, A 11 Equatorials consist by principle of a telescope, supported by 
two perpendicular, reciprocal axis ; of which one is attached in a parallel 
manner at the axis of the world. Each axis can turn by itself } the axis of 
declination accompanies the horal axis in its movements. 

It is evident, that such an instrument when using the telescope in 
observing a star, the two axis correspond with the position of the star. 
If from that time the horal axis is moved, so that it makes a complete 
revolution around itself in one sideral day, the observer will always have 
the star in the field of the telescope. The equatorial serves mostly in 
astronomy to observe comets and small planets, it tells the position of small 
stars and those in their neighborhood. 

This instrument is provided with a position micrometer, which may 
also be used to obtain the angle that forms with the circle of declination ; 
the line joining the two contacts of a double star, or the axis of a comet's 
tail. 



EQUATORIAL TELES CO PL 

PLATE N ° VIM 




MADE BY 

E E.BRAND'IS. NEW YORK 



F. E. BRANDIS, NEW YORK. 55 



It is very convenient to point out rapidly a star invisible to the naked 
eye, as soon as you know the approximate right declination and ascension 
and consequently the horal position of a star at any moment. 

The equatorial is placed in position on a cast iron or stone foundation ; 
the frame represents an incliried plane pursuant to the latitude of the 
place. To this inclined plane are attached the bearings which carry the 
horal axis. It revolves freely on both extreme ends by the aid of temper- 
ed steel collars and a screw, which resists the dead weight of telescope 
and axis. 

The horal axis can revolve by itself between agate bearings, placed 
there in order to avoid friction. It receives its movement from the crank 
placed on the side of the observer, who, by the position of the wheels 
'which readily connect) commands a gear wheel on the horal axis., 

The rectification in azimuth is made by means of two cheeks, which 
are placed laterally on the foundation, allowing a slight displacement by 
the two rebutting screws. The horal axis is of cast steel, has a length of 
26 inches, and a diameter of 2)^ inches. On the upper extremities is 
attached an endless screw sector, free on the axis, and destined to procure 
the slow movement to the horal circle and the supporter of the axis of 
declination, which follows the horal axis in its movements. By means of 
a pressure screw moved by the observer, the sector can be fixed to the 
horal axis. The teeth in the sector connect with a tangent screw, which- 
receives from a clockwork a rotation movement, and is transferred to the. 
whole system in right ascension. 

The tangent is placed, so that it moves around the axis parallel to its- 
own axis of rotation, and thereby throws the sector in or out of gear. 
This manipulation permits that, when the sector is at the end of its course, 
to send it back to its original position without stopping the movement of 
the clockwork. A spring suitably arranged, will keep the screw in con- 
act. On the lower end of the horal axis is attached a circle of direction, 
to clamp the instrument in right ascension ; it is divided to 20 ' time, and 
gives the seconds by means of a vernier. This approximation is sufficient 
to find the star you are seeking. The horal circle is 1 inches diameter, 
graduated into 5 minute spaces. Two reading microscopes mounted parallel 
on the axis, will give within a second the position of the instrument in 
right ascension. The graduations are illuminated by a lamp and two re- 
flectors placed on the horal axis. 



56 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 

The supporter of the axis of declination is a strong piece of cast iron 
fastened in a solid manner to the horal axis. 

The axis of declination is 24 inches long and 2 % inches diameter. 
It revolves on tempered steel bearings. These bearings are fastened in a 
shifting piece to overcome flection. At the extremity of the axis is the 
circle of declination, 10 inches diameter, graduated into 5 minute spaces; 
the micrometer allows you to appraise the seconds. 

The total length of telescope is 9 feet, and is composed of two brass 
cones, which are fastened by means of their large base to a cylindrical cast 
tube. The object glass has a clear aperture of 6 inches, and a principal 
focal distance of 96 inches. The astronomical eye-pieces give a magnify- 
ing power of from 1 00 to 600 diameters. This instrument is accompanied 
by a series of micrometers, (Fig.'l 1 and 12.) 

The finder attached, is itself a telescope of considerable power. Its 
direction parallel to the instrument is indicated by two pairs of metallic 
threads that cross each other at right angles. 

The clock movement produces a movement of rotation by itself on the 
horal axis in 24 sideral hours. An isochronal regulator, (Faucault's system) 
keeps the movement uniform. The movement of the clockwork possesses 
a system of satellic wheels (whose movements produced by the observer 
are independent of the clockwork) which will allow the observer to retard or 
advance the movement of the instrument. This manipulation is very utile 
by observing stars of different swiftness ; If the rapidity of the regime is 
not exactly that of the diurnal movement, you can also without stopping 
the clockwork, obtain the direction of the star observed, by the threads 
of the micrometer. 

A lamp placed laterally on the telescope near the eye-end, is 
provided with a prism, and sends its diverging rays into the interior of the 
tube by means of an opening for that purpose ; it is so arranged, as to 
separate the rays into three streams. 

The central stream being parallel, leaves the telescope, and reflects on a 
mirror of 45°, which sends it back to the clamping circle, where it illumiates 
the graduations. The two others are received in the tube of the telescope 
by two small mirrors suitably inclined, which sends them back to the 
micrometer. 






F. E. BRAND IS, NEW YORK. 57 



Different reflectors are combined, so that according to the will of the 
observer, he can obtain the threads of the brilliant or shining micrometer 
on the black field, or the black threads on the brilliant field ; or the threads 
and the brilliant field. 

This instrument, though of 1,000 pounds weight is so equilateral, that 
a pressure of the finger on the end of the telescope is sufficient to move it. 

Price as above .$2,250.00 

No. 120, Same as above but without clockwork and reading 

micrometers 1,800.00 

No. 121, Same as (No. 1 19,) with telescope of 84 inches focal 

length by 5J^ inches clear aperture 2,000.00 

No. 122, Same as above, but without clock-work, and 

reading micrometers, (Declination and horal circle reading 

by verniers.) 1,500.00 

No. 123, Same as (Xo. 119,) with telescope 84 inches focal 

length by 5 inches clear aperture 1,300.00 

No. 124, Same as (So. 119,) with telescope of 72 inches focal 

length by 4}£ inches clear aperture. Hour and Declination 

circles 8 inches diameter 1,000.00 



CHRONOGRAPHS. 



No. 125, In order to determine the longitude, it requires a cylinder 
on which register themselves at once the seconds of an Astronomical clock 
and the observations made on a meridian circle. 

During different hours it is necessary to obtain a uniform movement 
equal to that of an astronomical clock. 

For this purpose a wheel-work moved by a weight, and provided 
with an equitemporary regulator, will turn a large cylinder of a perfect 
uniform movement. The points mounted on a small carriage of pebbles 
displacing themselves during the rotation movement with the astronomical 
clock, mark the seconds on a paper applied around the cylinder ; while the 
other point marks the astronomical observations that are made. 

Price— $475.00 



f,8 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



PORTABLE EQUATORIAL MOUNTED TELESCOPES. 



No. 126, Mounted on an improved equatorial stand, (Plate 8,) with 
telescope 7 2 inches focal length by 5 inches clear aperture, endless screw 
motion to right ascension axis with G inch circle ; double verniers reading 
to 5 minutes of time ; endless screw motion to declination axis, with circle 
and double verniers, reading to 30 seconds. The latitude axis is supplied 

with screw motion, and arc reading 1 minute Price — $750.00 

No. 127, Same as above, with telescope of 7 2 inches focal 

length by 4J^ inches clear aperture " 550.00 

No. 128, Same as above, with telescope of 60 inches 

focal length, by 4 inches clear aperture . . " 480.00 

No. 129, Same as (No. 128,) with telescope of 50 inches 

focal length, by 3J^ inches clear aperture; circles 5 

inches diameter " 350.00 



COMBINED TRANSIT AND ZENITH INSTRUMENT. 



No. 1 30, This exceedingly portable instrument with its folding frame 
as shown in (Plate 1 0,) serves to supply the local time for astronomical lat- 
itudes and azimuths. 

The tedious method formerly employed when using it as a Zenith 
instrument to remove either two or four clamping screws from the frame, 
and hj which much valuable time was lost, has been substituted by a very 
simple device, by which this can be accomplished in about ten seconds. 

The telescope has a focal length of 28 inches by 2% inches clear 
aperture, and is supplied with a filar micrometer. The same has either 
five or seven threads fastened vertically across the diaphragm, and two 
close horizontal threads at right angles. The star can be made to traverse 
the field between the horizontal threads by means of an extra slide, moved 
by a rack and pinion, independent of the fine micrometer screw; one 
Steinheil and one diagonal eye-piece is supplied. The finders are 4 inches 
diameter reading to minutes. The Zenith circle 7 inches diameter; car- 
ries a delicate chambered level reading to single seconds, same reads by 
double verniers to 20 seconds. 



COMBINED TRANS IT AND ZENITH INSTRUMENT 
U.S. COAST SURVEY PATTERN. 



plate: in? x 




MAD E B Y 

F E . B R A N D IS ' N E W YO RK 



F. E. BRANDIS, NEW YORK. 



The axis pivots are phosphor bronze, resting on agate bearings, which 
can be moved in altitude and azimuth. The clamp is of the improved 
"Davidson " pattern, admitting the telescope to be reversed in its bearings 
without carrying the clamp with it. The striding level is also chambered, 
and reads to single seconds. The axis is perforated to illuminate the 
reticule by means of a small reflector in centre of axis. One reading and 
two illuminating lamps are supplied. Packed in two seperate cases with 

all accessories Price — $ 1 ,020.00 

No. 131, Same as above, but with one finder " 970.00 

No. 1312, Same as (No. 131,) with single frame (not 

reversing " 775.00 

Reversing apperatus for any of above (Extra,) u 100.00 



PORTABLE TRANSITS. 



No. 133, Transit mounted on a strong iron stand and tubular pillars, 
with telescope of about 40 inches focal lenght by 2^ inches clear aperture 
6 inch setting circle and level alidade, reading to 30"; improved 
"Davidson" clamp, pivots of phosphor bronze, resting on agate bearings 
which are adjustable in altitude and azimuth. Illumination through axis ; 
spider line micrometer ; one Steinheil and one diagonal eye-piece. 

Trice— 750.00 

No. 134, Same as above 2}£ inches aperture. " 650.00 

No. 135, " " " 2 " " setting circle 

4 inches diameter, reading 1 minute " 475.00 

No. 136, Smaller transits for watchmakers', telescope 18 

inches focal length by \% inches aperture " 175.00 

No. 137, Samo as above, telescope 15 inches focal length 

by 1% inches aperture " 150.00 



■*->>@M9<*-* 



60 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



ASTRONOMICAL THEODOLITES. 



No. 138, This engraving (Plate 9,) represents an instrument with 
horizontal circle 1 5 inches diameter, graduated into 5 minute spaces, reading 
by 3 microscope micrometers to single seconds. The base of this instrument 
is very firm ; the lower plate carries a flange, which is held in position by 
means of two clamps and screws; the same being 3J^ inches distant from 
the circle, prevents straining it, at the same time allowing any part of the 
graduation to be brought under the micrometers. The upper plate carries 
an index pointer for approximate setting. Light is thrown upon the 
graduations by means of prisms. 

The base of standards is screwed firmly to the upper plate and centre 
flange, to secure steadiness. The centres are phosphor bronze, also axis 
pivots, which are perforated to illuminate the reticule. Bearings are 
agate, and clamp of the improved '"Davidson" pattern. The striding 
level is chambered, reading to single seconds. Telescope has a focal 
length of from 22 to 26 inches, by 2}£ inches clear aperture. The filar 
micrometer has two Steinheil and one diagonal eye-piece. 

Same packed complete in two cases, with two illuminating and one 

reading lamp, and all necessary accessories Price — $1,060.00 

No. 139, Same as above, but with vertical circle, 10 
inches diameter, reading by two micrometers to single 
seconds, chambered level, controlling the micrometers 

also reading to single seconds " 1,350.00 

No. 140, Same as (Plate 9,) horizontal circle 12 inches 
diameter, focal length of telescope 22 inches by 2^£ 

inches clear aperture " 950.00 

No. 141, Same as (Xo. 140,) but with vertical circle 9 
inches diameter reading by two micrometers to single 

seconds ' " 1,125,00 

Special prices for similar instruments of larger dimensions will be 
furnished on application. 



5 INCH ASTRONOMICAL THEODOLITE 
2 8 INCH TELESCOPE 

PLATE NO IX 




MADE BY 

FT E. BRAND IS. NEW YORK 



F. E. BRAND IS, NEW YORK. 61 



MICROSCOPE MICROMETERS. 



By instruments of great exactness, the magnifying glass that accompa- 
nies the verniers in not sufficient to determine the coincidence of a line on the 
circle with that of the vernier ; hence, an apperatus is substituted, called 
the* microscope micrometer. 

Several microscopes are invariably fixed around the circle perpendicular 
to the graduation. Each of them gives in its interior the image of a 
certain number of lines of graduations. The image seen in the interior 
of the microscope has fixed threads in the plane of the image parallel to 
that of the graduation. In the movement of rotation of the circle, the 
image of each fine will successively coincide with the thread ; and as soon 
as the circle is fixed, the position of the coinciding line can be determined 
by the thread of the microscope. For this purpose the thread is moveable ; 
the slide on which it travels can be entrained by means of a vise, carrying 
a divided head, by which the displacement following the perpendicular 
direction of the lines of graduations can be measured. In other words, 
this fixed position of the thread as being the zero of the microscope, 
and ciphered, so that the image which gives the graduation the point in 
which it is crossed, is that point, which the eye of the observer may pass 
hi order to go from the thread to the divided head ; then count in every 
case the number of turns and fractions that correspond with the position 
occupied by the thread when in coincidence with the line of the circle. 
By adding this number, rated in minutes and seconds at the cipher of 
graduation shown by the line, you have in degrees, minutes and seconds 
the position of the line of the circle of which the image coincides with 
zero. 

In the plane where the image of graduation is produced, is a rectangu- 
lar plate, of which two edges are perpendicular to the threads. One of the 
edges that is visible in the microscope has a " comb," and the space un- 
derstood between two consecutive teeth is equivalent to one turn of the 
screw. Every fifth tooth in the comb is deepened, and one of them a 
little deeper than the others, ends in a circle ; the centre of which 
corresponds with zero of the microscope. In examining the image given by 
the microscope, you can see immediately the number of turns. The fractions 
of turns can be- read at the graduated drum head. 



62 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



The measures as we have taken for granted up to this, has been with 
one thread, but this is not sufficiently accurate. Indeed the thread becomes 
invisible as soon as it finds itself on the line of graduation. 7ou could 
therefore be deceived of the apparent thickness of the thread. 

To avoid this inconvenience, let the vise of the microscope move two 
neighboring parallel threads, and bring them in the midst of their intervals, 
the image of the lines of graduation. Care should be taken that the two 
luminous threads which are on either side of the lines are at equal dis- 
tances. 

This is the principle on which the basis of the micrometer with mova- 
ble thread is founded. 

No. 142, Filar micrometer, (Fig. 12.) Price — $75.00 

No. 143, Position micrometer with clamp and tangent 

movement " 1 25.00 

No. 144, Micrometer with position circle for double stars; three 
fixed and three movable threads, two micrometnc vises, one accountant and 
one index. This micrometer for measuring double stars has two movable 
independent threads, conducted by a micrometric vise. The method of ob- 
servation is the following : 

The reticule having been set in such a manner, that the fixed thread 
perpendicular $p the movable ones be parallel to the line that joins the two 
position threads, bring the image of one of these threads by a general 
movement in such a position, so that it will nearly find itself at the crossing 
of the movable thread ; set the clockwork in motion, and move the left 
side of the vise so as to bisect these stars with the movable thread ; by 
means of the vise that commands the other position thread, bring the opposite 
movable thread in motion. The difference of these two readings will give 
the distance of the two stars. Eepeat this operation several times. The 
movable thread of the left side, serves in each case the original thread of the 
index ., Price— $250.00 



*->5B^M^^* 



MICROMETERS 



Fl LAR 



POSITION N? I I 




N° 12 




HYDROGRAPHIC SEXTANTS 




MADE BY 

R E. BRAND IS NEW YORK 



K K BRANDIS, NEW YORK, 63 



SEXTANTS. 

(Plate 13.) 

The -frame of these instruments are made of bell metal, and are exceedingly 
light 

The arc contains GO degrees, but on account of the double reflection, 
is graduated into 120 degrees or more ; and each degree into six equal parts, 
of 10 minute spaces, reading by vernier to 1 seconds. To prevent corrosion 
all the screws are made of German Silver. The telescopes have a very 
large field of view and high power, which makes them specially adapted for 
hydrographic work. 

No. 14-5, Sextant as above, arc 7^ inches radius Price— $120.00 

No. 140, k< "■ ■ " " 7 " '< «... u 115.00 

No. 147, " " Gambey" pattern, arc 7 inches radius " 130.00 

No. 148, " " '* u 6 " " «' 115.00 

No. 149, <; i: *' " 5 " " " 105.00 

No. 150, " " a " 4 u " " 95.00 

No. 151, Astronomical sextant, arc 6 inches radius, read- 
ing to 160 degrees, with double handle, well adapted for 

taking lunar distances, Monitor dark eye head " 160.00 

1512, Pocket sextant, new design, with leather case and 

strap " 50.00 

ARTIFICIAL HORIZONS, 

In order to avoid the cause of errors due to terrestrial refraction 
by observing stars above; the line which terminate the base of one 
Side, it is generally preferred to resort to the earth to determine tho 
height by means of an artificial horizon, which is nothing else than a plane 
surface, horizontal and reflectant. 

' This horizon is based upon the principle that the surface of liquid of 
little extension in repose, can be seen as a plane surface parallel to the 
apparent horizon. 

No. 153, Artificial horizon with mercury or oil, formed of two 
glasses with parallel surfaces, and cover to avoid the influence of wind, 
and a third one to apply to the surface of the mercury . . . Price — $45.00 



*$ PART III. QU 

MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS, 
DRAWING MATERIALS, &c. 



For the convenience of Engineers preferring to purchase their complete 
outfits at my establishment when ordering field instruments, a brief catalogue 
of the above is hereby annexed. 

The within prices are as low as those of any other firm, and as the best 
articles only are ennumerated, perfect satisfaction can be guaranteed in every 
respect. 

All Mathematical instruments are selected and examined to insure their 
proper working before shipment. 

Rubber Triangles, Curves, Straight edges and T squares, are well finished 
and accurately cut, and can be recommended in climates where wood will not 
stand. All wooden articles are made of the best straight grained arid seasoned 
material, and warranted equal to any in the market. 



F. E. BRAND IS, NEW YORK. 



SAMPLES OF DRAWING PAPERS 

Mailed on Application. 

SAMPLE BOOK OF DRAWING PAPERS 10c. 

DRAWING PAPERS 

(In Sheets.) 

WHATMAN'S DRAWING PAPER, 

Best Selected, 

Hot Pressed, Smooth, Cold Pressed, Rough 

No. 100, Royal, 19 x 24 per quire— $ 1.85 

Imperial 22x30 " 3.50 

Dbl. Elephant, 27 x 40 t; 6.00 

A ntiquarian, 31x53 " 30.00 

" 31 x 53 per sheet— $1.75 

Retree, or Second Quality. 

No. 1.01, Imperial, 22 x 30 per quire— $ 3.00 

Dbl. Elephant, 27 x 40 " 5*50 

A ntiquarian, 31x53.... " 18.00 

" 31 x 53 per sheet— $ .90 

per 100 sheets per quire. 
No. 128, Bond Paper, very tough, 19 x 30 $5.00 $1.40 

DRAWING PAPERS 



. (In Continuous Rolls.) 

In Rolls of about 100 lbs. 25 yd. Rolls. 

per pound per roll. 

No. 152, Detail Paper, smooth surface, thin, 48 inches wide $0.14 $2.25 

No. 153, " " " " medium, 48 " " 14 2.50 

No. 154. " " " " thick, 48 " ■' 14 2.75 

Per pound per roll. 

I n Rolls of 35 to 50 lbs. 10 yd. Rolls 
"PAR EXCELLENCE," 
No. 157, " " white, rough, med. thick, 42 in. wide $0.50 $3.50 

No. 158, " " " " " " 58 " " .50 4.50 

No. 161, " a " smooth u " 42 " " .50 3.50 

No. 162, " " " " " " 58 " " .50 4.50 

In Rolls of 50 to 75 lbs. 10 yd. Rolls. 

No. 176, " HERCULES," (as strong as the name,) white, perpound per roll. 

" medium grain, thick, 62 inches wide$ .45 $4.50 



66 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



DRAWING PAPERS 

(Mounted on Muslin ) 

InEollsoflOyds. 

per roll per yard 
"PAR EXCELLENCE," 

No. 250, " " white, rough, med. thick, 36 in wide $8.50 $1.00 

No. 251, " " " " " " 42 u " 9.50 1.10 

No. 253, " " " " " " 58 " " 12.50 1.40 

No. 261, " " " smooth " " 42 " " 9.50 1.10 

No. 262, " " u " " " 58 " " 12.50 1.40 
No. 270, "HERCULES," (as strong as the name,) white, 

" med. grain, thick, 61 inches wide. . . 14.50 1,55 

No. 280, German, white, med. grain, med. thick, 36 in. wide 8.00 .90 

No. 281, " " " " " " 42 " " 9.00 1.00 

No. 282, " " " " " " 54" " 11.00 1.25 

Large Pieces for Country and City Maps, mounted to order. 

TRACING MUSLIN OR CLOTH. 

Dull Back or Glazed on both sides. In Rolls of 24 yards. 

No. 302, "Imperial," best quality, 30 inches wide per roll— $ 7.50 

" " " 36 " " " 8.25 

" " " 42 " " " 11,50 

TRACING PAPERS. 

(In Sheets.) 

No. 320, French Vegetable, very clear and tough, best quality. 

Demy, 15 x 20 per quire — $1.50 

Royal, 18x24 " 2.50 

Imperial, 21x27 " 3.30 

Dbl. Elephant, 27 x 40 " 9.00 

(In Continuous Rolls.) 

per roll. 

No. 340, "French oiled," good quality, in rolls 20 yds., 40 in. wide $3.50 

No. 344, "German unprepared," contains no oil, in rolls 44 yards., 

54 inches wide - 5.75 

No. 350, " Parchment," very tough, contains no oil, in rolls 20 yds. 

37 inches wide 5.50 



F. E. BRANDI& NEW YORK. 67 



PROFILE PAPERS. 

No. 370, (Plate A,) horizontal ruling 4, vertical 2 to inch, per sheet per quire. 

sheets 15x42 $$0.40 8.50 

No. 371, " In rolls of 50 yds., 22 inches wide per yard— $ .30 

No. 372, " - Mounted on muslin, 22 " " " .75 

No. 375, (Plate B,) horizontal ruling 4, vertical 30 toinch,P<?r sheet per quire 

sheets 13 x 42 $ .40 $8.50 

No. 376, " In rolls of 50 yds., 22 inches wide per yard— $ .30 

No. 377, k ' Mounted on muslin, 22 " " ... . " .75 

No. 380, (Plate C,) horizontal ruling 5, vertical 25 to inch, per sheet per quire 

sheets 15 x 42 $ .40 $8.50 

ENGINEER'S CROSS SECTION PAPERS. 

per sheet per quire. 

No. 385, 8x8 to inch, printed from plate, in sheets 16 x 22 $ .25 $5.00 

No. 386, 10 x 10 " " " " " " " 16x20 .25 5.00 

No. 387, 5x5 to 3^" " " " " " 16x20 .25 5.00 

No, 390, 10 x 10 to " ruled, " •' 16x21 .08 1.50 

No. 391, 8x8 " " " " " 16x21 .08 1.50 

No. 392, 5x5 " " " " " 16x21 .08 1.50 

DELAMONT'S FRENCH LIGHTNING 
BLUE PROCESS OR FERRO PRUSSIATE PAPER. 

For producing copies of tracings in white lines on a blue ground. 
No. 400, Rolls 11 yds. long, (10 metres,) 20 inches wide per roll — $3.00 



No. 401, 


u 


11 ' 


u 


(( 


27 


« 


u 


a 


3.50 


No. 402, 


t( 


11 « 


I u 


u 


32 


u 


a 


it, 


4.00 


No. 403, 


Li 


11 ' 


a 


u 


36 


(( 


u 


a 


4.75 


No. 404, 


U 


11 ' 


u 


i( 


42 


u 


u 


u 


5.50 


No. 405, 


tc 


11 ' 


it 


ii 


48 


u 


a 


a 


6.25 


No. 406, 


u 


11 ' 


u 


u 


54 


u 


u 


a 


•7.00 



NOTE. 

This paper prints rapidly in a bright sun, and is warranted to give 
satisfaction. Full direction for use with each roll. 

FIELD, LEVEL, TRANSIT BOOKS, ETC. 

No. 425, Field Books, 4J^ x 1% per doz— - $5.75 

No. 426, Level, " 4 x6^ , " 5.35 



68 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 

No. 427, Transit, " 4^x7J^ per doz. $5.75 

No. 435, Record, u 5 x 7^ ; . . l; 8.50 

No. 436, Cross Section Books for Topography, 7x8.... " 11.25 

HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING BOOKS. 

A s vised by the United States Coast Survey 
No 440, Sounding Record Books, 4 x 18 inches J 1 doz. assorted $11.00 
No. 441, Tide " " 4x18 " i 1 u of one kind 10.00 

No. 442, Angle '• '■ 4x18 " ) 6 " and upwards 8.00 

At the suggestion of several U. S. Engineers, a number of improve- 
ments have been introduced into these books, viz.: The pages are 
numbered consecutively from 1 to 100 ; an index of 4 pages is inserted in the 
fore part of each book ; the word Locality is printed at the head of left 
hand page of the Angle Books; and the paper in is not highly glazed, but 
is of the best quality and has a mat finish. 

MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS. 

Swiss, with Patent Pivot Joint. 
BB:ST QUALITY. 

No. 500, Plain Divider, 3J^ inch, with handle ..... .Each— $2.00 

No. 502' " " 5 " " '• ..; " 2.75 

No. 506, Hair Spring, Divider, 5 inch, with handle " 3.50 

No. 510, Bow Pencil, 3 % inch, with fixed needle points " 4.25 

No. 512, " Pen, 3^ " •' '• " " " 4.75 

No. 514, "Pen and Pencil^ "- " " '• " " 6.00 

No. 517, Compass, 3^, inch, with pencil, pen and needle point '• 7.00 c 
No. 520, " 5 ■ " " fixed needle point, pen and 

pencil " 7.50 

No. 522, Compass, 6 inch, with pencil, pen, lengthening bar 

and needle points " 8.50 

No. 525, Ruling Pen, 4J-^ inch, without hinge " 1.60 

No. 527, " " b% " " " " 1.10 

No. 529, " " 6}4 k ' " " " 1.95 

No. 535, Steel Spring Bow divider, 3% inches, with German 

Silver handle " 2.20 

No. 537, Steel Spring Bow Pencil, 3% inches, Round Point " 2.60 

No. 539, '• u '• " 3% " Needle " " 2.85 

No 545, " ll kt Pen, 3% " Round " " 2.60 

No 547, " " ,k "' 3% *■ Needle " " 2.80 



F. E. BRAND IS, NEW YORK. 69 



SWISS INSTRUMENTS. 
Best German Silver and English Steel. 

No. 004, Plain Divider, 5 inch Price— $2.20 

No. 6 1 0, Hair Spring Divider, 5 inch '• 3.00 

No. 014, Bow Pencil, 3j/£ inch, with fixed needle point .... " 3.50 

No. 616, " Pen, '6% " ' * '• 3.50 

No* 618, " " and Pencil 3^ inch, with fixed needle point " 5.25 

No. 622, " Compass, 3}^ inch, with pencil, pen and needle 

point < ; 6.00 

No. 654, Compass, 5 inch, with pencil, pen, needle point and 

lengthening bar '• 8.00 

No. 642, Ruling Pen, 4j^ inch, with joint and pin, Ivory 

handle , ' " 1.60 

No. 643, Ruling Pen, 5)^ inch, with joint and pin, Ivory 

handle " 1.80 

No.. 644, Ruling Pen, 6J^ inch, with joint and pin, Ivory 

handle < ; 2 00 

No. 650, Dotting Pen, 6 inch '• 2.25 

No. 652, " u 6 " with 6 wheels " 3.75 

No. 654, Railroad Pen " 3.50 

No. 670, Steel Spring Bow Divider > with round points, Ivory 

handle " 2.20 

No. 672, Steel Spring Bow Divider, with needle points, Ivory 

handle " 2.50 

No. 674, Steel Spring Bow Pencil, with round point, Ivory 

handle '• 2.50 

No. 731, Proportional Divider 9 inch, graduated for lines and circles. 

Bach— $13.25 
No. 742, Pocket Compass with handles, pencil and pen, 

points draw out, thus forming a small bow pen and 

bowpencil " 9.50 

No. 744, Pocket Folding Compass with pen and pencil points " 8.75 

NOTE. 

As most draughtsmen prefer to buy just what instruments are re- 
quired, and seldom purchase ready filled cases of Swiss Instruments, cases 
of morocco, black walnut or rosewood to contain the instruments selected, 
are fitted at short notice. 



70 CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 

No. 1550, Patent Polar Planimeter of German Silver in morocco case. 

Price— $30.00 

DRAWING PINS OR FASTENING TA.CKS. 

German Silver Points Screwed and Riveted. 
i 5 6 ye % iq % inch diameter. 

.60 .70 .80 .90 $1.00 per doz. 

Cheaper grades furnished if desired. 

EBONY PARALLEL RULERS. 

6 9 12 15 18 24 inches long 

25 .50 .75 $1.00 $1.25 $2.00 

BOXWOOD SCALES. 
Triangular Architect's Scale, divided 3 % h%%V%}&^ 1 A 3 i i e in -to the foot. 

6 inches long. , ." Price — $1.5<> 

12 ; ' " " 2.00 

24 •' " • 5.00 

Triangular Engineer's Scale, divided 10 20 30 40 50 60 parts to the inch 

6 inches long Price — $1.50 

12 •' " " 2.00 

24 " " " 5.00 

Flat Boxwood Chain Scales, 20 in. divided 30 x 50 40 x 60 " 1.50 

Flat Offset Scale, 12 in. divided 10 x 20 30 x 50 40 x 60 " 60 

Any Scale Made to Order. 

T SQUARES 
Fixed Heads. 

18 24 30 36 42 48 54 in. long 

Mahogany, Ebony Lined, 1.20 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.50 3.25 each. 

Maple Blade, Walnut Head, .55 .75 .90 1.00 1.15 1.25 1.60 " 
Hard Rubber Blade, " 1.20 1.75 2.40 3.00 

Movable Heads. 

18 24 30 36 42 48 in. long. 

Mahogany, Ebony Lined, t 2.00 2.35 2.65 3.00 3.50 4-25 " 

MapleBlade, Walnut Head,1.20 1.40 1.55 1.75 1.85 1.95 2.20 4: 
Hard Rubber Blade," 2.00 2.75 3.25 4.00 

Extra Lengths of T Squares in Stock and Made to Order. 



P. E. BRAND IS, NEW YORK. 71 

TRIANGLES. 
30 x 60 Degrees. 
6 7 8 9 iO 11 12 13 14 15 16 inch. 
Mahogany, Ebony Lined, .60 .70 • .80 .90 $1.10 each. 

Maple, • .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .60 .75 " 

Hard Rubber, .35 .40 .50 .60 .65 .90 1.25 1.75 " 

45 Degrees. 

6 7 8 9 10 12 14 15 inch. 

Mahogany, Ebony Lined, .60 .70 .90 1.00 1.25 each. 

Maple, .25 .30 .35 .40 .50 .60 .75 " 

Hard Rubber, .45 .55 .70 ,80 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 « 

CURVES. 

Maple or Cherry, 6 to 12 inches long. . Each— $ .15 to $ .50 

Hard Rubber, 6 to 12 •< " ............. " .30 to .75 

Curves of any Pattern, Made to Order. 
STRAIGHT EDGES. 

24 30 dQ 42 48 54 60 72 inch. 

Mahogany, Ebony Lined, .55 .70 1.00 1.25 1.60 2.00 each. 

Maple, .25 .30 .40 .50 " 

Hard Rubber, 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 " 

Steel, Nickel Plated, 2.30 3.25 4.20 5.25 6.60 9.00 12.50 " 

INDIA INK. 

Lion Head .per cake. — $ .50 

Square, Black Figures , " .75 

" " Gilt Figure, Super Super small " 1.00 

" " " " " '• large ,.. " 2.00 

Oblong, " " " " 3.00 

" Gilt, 2% inches long, Yery best quality " 4.00 

" Black, Gilt Figure, Large cake " 5.00 

a .. u U it it U Q QQ 

u tt u a u . i *' 8 00 

Red India Ink, "" " " .75 

Blue " " " " " ,75 

As the patterns of Chinese or India Ink frequently change, no definite 
description can be given. The prices of the best inks vary from $1.00 to 
$8.00 according to size. 



72 



CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. 



JAPANESE INK. 

Japanese Ink is somewhat harder than India Ink, it requires more 
rubbing, but is waterproof. A line drawn with this ink can be washed over 
without blurring. 

Oblong, Black Figures .per cake— $1.00 

■' " " " 2.00 

" " " " 3.00 



WINSOR & NEWTON'S WATER COLORS. 



Burnt Sienna, 
" Umber, 
Chinese "White, 
Chrome Yellow, 
Emerald Green, 
Gamboge, 



Hooker's Green, Xo. 2. Prussian Blue, 



Indigo, 
Indian Red, 
Lamp Black 
Light Red, 
Neutral Tint, 



Raw Sienna, 
u Umber. 
Vandyke Brown 
Vermilion, 
Yellow Ochre, 



whole cake 


i-cake 


or 


or 


pan 


pan. 



^$ .25 $. 15 



Hooker'sGreenXo.l, New Blue. 

Indian Yellow, 
Purple Lake, 
Orange Vermilion, 



Brown Madder, 
Crimson Lake, 
Cobalt, 
Aureolin, 
Burnt Carmine, 
Cadmium Yellow, 



Scarlet, Lake, ) 
Sepia, ) 

Violet Carmine, 
Lemon Yellow, ~) 
Pink Madder, \ 
Rose " j 



.45 
.65 



.25 
.25 



Carmine, 

French Blue, ink Madder, 

Indian Purple, 

Jill other Colors Made by Winsor & Newton at corresponding Prices. 

Winsor & Newton's Liquid Colors in bottles, Chinese White, Indian Ink, 

OxgaU pe, r bottle— $ .40 

Ink, Carmine, Indellible Brown Ink, Prout's Brown. ... " .50 

Empty Japanned Tin Boxes, for 6 to 24 whole pans $1.00 to $ 2.00 

Winsor & Newton's filled Color Boxes 3.00 to 1 8.00 

WATER COLOR BRUSHES, 

Red Sable, in Albata, with Handles $ .20 to $2.00 

Camel Hair, in Tin " " .' . .10 to .40 

" " double end Wash Brushes 50 to .75 

" " in quills, small sizes. 05 to .10 

Red Sable 10 to .35 



All Other Brushes at Reasonable Prices. 



F. K BRAND IS, NEW YORK. 73 



CHINA COLOR AND INDIA INK SAUCERS. 

Nest of Cabinet Saucers, 6 in a nest, 2% 2% ?>}£ 3% inch. 

.60 .70 .80 1.00 per nest. 

SLOPING TILES. 

3 4 5 6 divisions. 

.20 .35 .45 .55 each. 

COLOR CUPS. 

2 2% 3 3>£ inch 

.10 .1.5 .20 .25 each. 

ARTIST WATER GLASSES. 

2% 3}4 3% 4^ inch. 

.15 .25 .35 .45 each. 

JOSEPH GILLOTT'S STEEL PENS. 

Lithographic Crow Quills per card of 1 doz. — $ .75 

Mapping " " .75 

Lithographic " " .75 

Fine Lettering, No. 303 per doz. — $ .20 

"170 " " .15 

" 404 " .15 

RUBBER. 

Faber's* Ink Erasers, .06 .10 .20 each. 

" Artists Rubber, "White, .10 .20 .30 ,40 .50 " 

Velvet, " " Oblong, .10 .15 .20 " 

PENCILS. 

Dixon's Artist's Hexagon, Polished per doz. — $1.15 

S. Soft, S. M. Soft Medium, M. Medium, H. Hard. V. H. Very Hard 
V. V. H. Very Very Hard. 

Dixon's Graphite, Hexagon S. to V. H. Polished per doz. — $ .70 

Round S. to V. H. " " .55 

A, W. Faber's Siberian, 6 H. to 2 B " 1.25 

Red Hexagon, Nos. 1 to 5 " .75 

Black Round, " 1 to 4 " .60 

Siberiao Artists Pencils each — .3 § 

Best " " ." .25 

Siberian Artists Leads. per box — .65 

Best " " " .35 



n iiiiiliil 

019 423 982 81 



